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Essay / The Effects of Socioeconomic Status on Development...
Socioeconomic status (SES) is a topic of major interest in the study of language development in children. It has been indicated as one of the most studied constructs in the social sciences (Bradley & Corwyn, 2002). Even with the wide variety of studies examining socioeconomic status, there has never been a complete consensus on what socioeconomic status actually represents. Beyond language development, SES also affects a child's overall development. These developmental differences then lead to differences in language acquisition. When looking at SES, there are many factors to consider. The concept of capital seems to best embody the current meaning that psychologists give to SES, according to Bradley and Corwyn (2002). Capital is favored due to its inclusion in access to financial (material resources), human (non-material resources such as education) and social (social connections) capital. The current working definition of SES involves family income, education level, and occupations, which influence the theories and characteristics that children develop (Hill, 2006). The effects of socioeconomic status on children manifest through many factors that affect language development through the child's overall growth, cognitive development, as well as their stress management and parenting styles to which they are exposed. With a wide variety of studies and research, it has been shown that socioeconomic status can affect a child's health before they are even born. This theory emerged from a study by Hackman, Farah, and Meaney (2010) in which researchers identified three classes of mechanisms that SES affects cognitive development. The first class they recognized was that of prenatal influences. If a low SES mother does... middle of paper ... physical exposure may contribute to the child's education. Not only can this affect how they are taught, but the facilities are also important. Think about it: schools with higher SES have up-to-date buildings and grounds. They would most likely have top-of-the-line equipment to teach more effectively and correctly. In addition to having the best possible equipment, high SES schools can pay greater attention to their classrooms. If a classroom is filled with fun, colorful and inviting decorations, it will promote and encourage the child to learn in more inventive ways. If the classroom is not colorful or has no decorations, it may not facilitate development or encourage the child to learn. Physical exposure is not the only aspect that can affect children's health, but psychosocial exposure also plays a role..