Topic 1Distinguish between psychological and ethical egoism and subject each to critical examination in detail. Compare and contrast ethical egoism with virtue theory. Egoism is a view that what a person wants is somewhat relevant to what humans actually do. There are two main types of selfishness: psychological and ethical. These two views are very similar; therefore, they can easily be exchanged. It is important to be able to recognize the difference between these two points of view. Psychological egoism is the view that describes the motivations of humans. By definition, it states that the actions of humans are simply aimed at satisfying their wants and desires. This means that actions taken by humans are never intended to satisfy someone else's desires but always to satisfy their own. Additionally, this view does not state that people's actions are right or wrong, it simply explains why that person is motivated to act in a certain way. For example, if Jack goes for a walk, the only description of why he did that is that it fulfills his desire to do so. When it comes to ethical egoism, there are some differences. Ethical egoism is a prescriptive thesis that tells us how we should behave. Simply put, humans should always be ultimately motivated by self-interest alone. For example, if Jack wants to steal something for his own benefit, he should do it because it is the right thing for him. The main argument against psychological selfishness is that people actually act to satisfy the desires of others. For example, Jack was playing video games and his mother asked him to help her with the dishes and he does. He does not do this to fulfill his desires, but to fulfill his own; he was already sitting doing something that fulfilled his desires... middle of paper... a mechanism for social control of his actions. Finally, the biggest controversy between these distinct views is that Kant believes that the justification for one's actions is an appeal to reason while Mill is an appeal to desire. Both Mill and Kant are extremely gifted philosophers who argue very good points. Although their views differ in many aspects, they provide a good basis of belief for others to build upon or criticize them. Topic 3 Discuss ethical relativism at length, identifying the reasons why people are attracted to the theory and whether these reasons are good. Distinguish between the diversity thesis and ethical relativism and whether the latter can be inferred from the former. Raise several objections to the theory and give a final summary of all the different considerations and your verdict on the overall effectiveness of the theory..