Table of contentsIntroductionDiscussionConclusionReferences:IntroductionIndonesia is the largest country with the largest Muslim majority in the world. Indonesia, which benefits from a strategic geographical location, gives it a large population and diverse ethnic groups, languages ​​and religions. According to data from the Central Bureau of Statistics, Indonesians who adhere to Islam account for 207,176,162 people, or approximately 87% of the total Indonesian population. This majority community constitutes Indonesia's challenge in the fight against radicalism leading to terrorism. The issue of Islamic terrorism emerged after the events of September 11, 2001, which left around 3,000 people dead. The terrorist act was carried out by the terrorist group Al-Qaeda, then led by Osama bin Laden. Furthermore, in Indonesia, Islamist terrorists emerged after the 2002 Bali bombing and various cases of terrorism that continue to occur make Indonesia a terrorist nest. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why Violent Video Games Should Not Be Banned”? Get the original essay Radicalism and terrorism in Indonesia can easily spread to various groups. An example of this is the suicide attack in Surabaya, the culprit of which is a family consisting of parents and 3 children, each aged 18, 16 and 12 years. The concept of terrorism can be seen in Law Number 15 of 2003 stipulating a regulation in lieu of Law Number 1 of 2002 concerning the eradication of criminal acts of terrorism, namely: "Terrorism is the use of violence or threats of violence to create an atmosphere of widespread terror or fear among the population or cause mass casualties, by seizing independence or losing the lives and property of others or by causing damage or destruction of vital strategic objects or environments or public installations or international installations”. While radicalism refers to a large dictionary of the Indonesian language, it is "understanding or current that wants social and political change or reform by means of violence or drastic". The history of Islamic radicalism in Indonesia began in the early days of Indonesian independence, namely DI/TII, led by Kartosuwiryo. DI/TII rebelled against the Indonesian government with the aim of establishing an Islamic State of Indonesia. Until the post-reform period, there were still many radical Islamic groups such as Jamaah Islamiyah, Jamaah Anshar Daulah, and the Eastern Indonesia Mujahideen. Deradicalization consists of early detection, opposing from the start and targeting various potential layers with various forms and variants relevant to each target group. The term deradicalization refers to an effort to combat radical groups and not to be radical toward those who have been involved in terrorist activities. The deradicalization program itself is implemented by the National Counterterrorism Bandage (BNPT), which is based on Presidential Regulation Number 46 of 2010 concerning the National Counterterrorism Agency. The main task of the BNPT is to first compile policies and strategies, then coordinate government agencies in implementing the tasks, and finally implement the policies by forming a task force composed of government elements in accordance with their respective duties, functions and authorities. BNPT tends to use a soft approach where in dealing with terrorism it uses the heart and mind approach which makespart of counterterrorism activities to resolve problems considered to be the root cause of the emergence of a group of people to commit acts of terrorism. Because there are until recently legal inequalities in the management of the issue of deradicalization and terrorism programs, the BNPT is still not effective. DiscussionThe history of Indonesia is that of a fertile land or "paradise", both as a source of recruitment and group action: religious factor which is adopted by the majority of Indonesian people. Second, geographic factors have a great influence. The vastness of the territory and the extent of the Indonesian islands have greatly benefited terrorism. Because their mobility will be very difficult to detect, various US facilities located in Indonesia are also being targeted. And the capacity of the security forces is also limited. Third, the very worrying socio-economic factors of the bombers are the main cause. The problem is poverty and discrimination. According to them, it is better to seek heaven than to live in poverty and always be rewarded with great rewards after death. Fourth, the charisma of those who propagate the doctrine is influential. For example Dr Azhari or Noordin Moh. Above, his supporters in Indonesia were very fascinated by the greatness of these two figures. Above all, how they willingly give up all kinds of worldly pleasures for jihad. Fifth, a person's level of education influences their understanding of Islam. Terrorist groups also perform interpretations, but they only translate the sacred verses in black and white. Jihad is no longer interpreted as resistance to oneself, but as the murder and destruction of everything related to the West. They also did not feel guilty about participating in the sacrifice of non-American people in the bombing, because it was different from assassination. In other words, bomb victims are intermediaries to transmit messages to the desired parties. According to Benny Sumardiana, the way they spread radical teachings is in several ways that the government should be able to anticipate them as effectively as possible to avoid all very serious risks. . The first is to spread radical understanding across educational institutions. Students are targets easily influenced by extremists because their psychological state remains fragile if their own teacher or friends spread radical ideas. Second, the spread through religious institutions. In places of worship in and around Jakarta, they have been identified as being exposed to radicalism, of course, the place of worship can be the rhetoric of their sermons so that their listeners can be infected with radicalism. Third, through social conditions. Referring to the suicide attack in Surabaya, one of the families became suicide bombers. Children will follow their parents' teachings in order to also be exposed to radicalism. Then, a fairly easy way to find is to spread a lot of content on the Internet containing propaganda aimed at recruiting potential terrorist members via the Internet. ISIS is one of the most active terrorist groups in Internet propagation. Once exposed to comprehensive radicalism, they tend to exhibit siakp characteristics that can be identified. First, they are intelligent, they do not want to hear opinions, beliefs and even respect others. Both will be fanatics, they will always feel good about themselves, even if other people who do not agree with themare wrong. Third exclusivity, they will tend to stand out from others even among religious people. Finally, the fourth is that they are revolutionaries, where they have the desire to be achieved by any means, including violence. The current implementation of the deradicalization program carried out by the security forces is limited to the level of policy makers at the headquarters or central level as in the scope of Kemenkopolhukam and BNPT. The deradicalization program itself has actually been carried out since 2005 and was launched by the national police, in particular by the Police Bomb Task Force. The initial goal of the program is to make certain terrorist prisoners cooperative within the police force and are expected to provide information that supports investigation and investigation. Additionally, the program also aimed to prevent inmates from displaying hostile attitudes and behaviors toward those they perceived as enemies. ForIt is for this reason that several law enforcement officers were selected, possessing certain qualities, such as extensive experience in dealing with and investigating terrorists of Muslim origin, so that they also include the exclusive culture of networks of radical groups. In current developments, the synergy of the deradicalization program still seems incapable of anticipating various problems. In terms of conceptualization, deradicalization is not limited to rehabilitation because in reality the program also includes the families of terrorist prisoners. But Dedi Prasetyo still claims that this deradicalization program is still not working effectively due to the contrast between commands in coordination, communication and cooperation. Furthermore, Prasetyo also maintained that the difficulties faced were the quality of human resources of the deradicalization program apparatus. Meaningful de-radicalization of de-ideologization should be a program for all levels of society. Where indicators of program success include growth in the ability to detect and prevent as early as possible the existence of danger or the threat of radical understanding propagated by leaders, supporters or sympathizers of the radical movement. Today, both conventionally and via social media or information technology, the sector is growing very quickly. Deradicalization programs must be implemented in synergy between the security forces as the main component and also by all other components of the nation as a supporting component to improve the capacity of the community's preventive and deterrent force against development of radical ideas that lead to action. of terrorism. The most difficult deradicalization parameters to achieve are: The first is openness. Second, there is critical thinking. the third is the feeling of the context of daar al harb (state of war) and daar as salam (state of peace). Kempat is empathy for the victims of terrorism. Fifth, liberation from violence. The sixth is empowerment. The seventh is continuous learning. The eighth is an adjustment to the broader community. The ninth is social reintegration. The tenth is mental independence, for example avoiding brutal obedience. The eleventh is tolerance towards other community groups. The twelfth is a good relationship with heterogeneous members of society. The thirteenth is to understand local wisdom. Fourteenth, there is citizenship. The fifteenth is courage in the face of group pressure. The sixteenth is to openly promote an anti-violence message. THE.