Our modern society is facing a global phenomenon in terms of levels of inactivity and the effects that this phenomenon can cause on the level of health overall. There is undoubtedly a need to increase awareness levels on this topic as it is directly linked to the increasing number of people suffering from associated non-communicable diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory diseases, obesity and strokes. cancer, attributed to physical inactivity. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why Violent Video Games Should Not Be Banned”? Get the original essay One of the most common diseases hitting our world today is heart disease. The root cause of coronary artery disease (also known as coronary artery disease) occurs when a progressive buildup of fatty deposits, called "plaque" or "atheroma," narrows the coronary arteries. The coronary arteries are the blood vessels that supply blood to the heart. This is where atherosclerosis appears, as it refers to this buildup of fats, cholesterol and other substances in and on the artery walls, thereby restricting blood flow. The plaque may burst, causing a blood clot to form. Although atherosclerosis is primarily considered a heart problem, it can damage arteries throughout the body. Since it is a global and widespread phenomenon, extensive research is constantly being carried out in order to identify some of the aspects that contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. in order to increase our knowledge on the precautionary measures to take to avoid it and even how to combat patients with pre-existing atherosclerosis. To do this, we must look at this disease down to all the factors that contribute to its development and try to analyze and evaluate how each contributes to the worsening of this disease. In doing so, we can tailor our approach to disease control to different contributing factors. As research into atherosclerosis, its contributing factors and underlying causes is constantly being conducted, studies report that one of the factors contributing to the development and progression of atherosclerosis is the role of oxidized LDL or low-density lipoprotein which is a molecule composed of lipids (fats) and proteins. The reason lipoproteins appear to be a contributing factor to the development and progression of atherosclerosis is because they are the transport system for lipids (fats) in the blood. Additionally, this notion is reinforced by the fact that low-density lipoproteins are also the transport system for cholesterol transported from the liver to blood tissues. LDL is often called "bad" cholesterol because high LDL levels cause cholesterol to build up in your arteries. Studies have identified that oxidized low-density lipoproteins can act as a type of harmful cholesterol. Oxidized low-density lipoproteins in the body can be produced when normal LDL cholesterol is damaged by chemical interactions with free radicals. Free radicals are oxygen-containing molecules that have an odd number of electrons, making them very likely to react with other molecules. The combination of certain inflammatory responses and these free radicals can cause stiffening of the arteries, leading to atherosclerosis. Research is constantly being carried out on the role ofoxidized low-density lipoproteins in atherosclerosis and thus we can get a good idea of ​​how the whole procedure takes place. . Oxidized LDL quickly moves into the artery walls and clogs them with cholesterol, which at a later stage turns into plaque blocking the arteries. In order to understand how oxidized LDL can be attributed as one of the main factors of atherosclerosis, we need to take a look. of exactly how this is carried out. Studies have looked into this topic and shown that modification of LDL is undertaken by the endothelial cells thus the transformation resulting in an oxidative process appears to be internalized and slowly eagerly built up by the macrophages, leading to the formation of cells foamy, and even if it is important to specify that these cells could also be produced from macrophages internalizing native LDL from the medium by micro pinocytosis, or even by accumulation of aggregated LDL or LDL immune complexes. Furthermore, it appears that the studies conducted have reported oxidized LDL possessing a wide variety of biological properties considered to promote atherosclerosis. One of them is that oxidized LDL promotes the development of collagen by smooth muscle cells, thereby leading to the lining of atherosclerotic plaque into the fibrous cap and expansion of the scale of the lesion. . That said, it is important to note that oxidized LDL could also have an impact on promoting fibrous cap thinning, and therefore smooth muscle cell apoptosis. In doing so, these facts favor the appearance of vulnerable plaques more susceptible to atherosclerosis. Additionally, vascular cell apoptosis is promoted by the cytotoxicity of oxidized LDL toward vascular cells with subsequent release into the subendothelial space of lipids and lysosomal enzymes, thereby accelerating the development of atherosclerotic plaque. Furthermore, it appears that oxidized LDL is essential for the production of macrophages while preventing their regression from the arterial wall. Thus, the production of oxidized LDL is essential for the activation and development of monocytes as well as macrophages within the arterial wall. Finally, another study reported that it appears that oxidized LDL may play a critical role in vasoconstriction by inhibiting nitric oxide and increasing endothelin production. It would appear, through several types of research on this subject, that antioxidants have been identified as having an essential role in preventing LDL oxidation. It appears that in doing so, antioxidants slow the progression and development of atherosclerosis. One study reported that antioxidants tend to decrease the formation of atherosclerotic lesions and even decrease LDL oxidation. Antioxidants reduce oxidative stress that results from the imbalance between high accumulation of reactive oxygen species and limited antioxidant defenses. The endothelium and nitric oxide are two of the main regulators of vascular health. In order to examine the effects of antioxidants in this regard, we need to look at where antioxidants come from in everyday life. Antioxidants are found both in our food and in supplement form, and each can have different effects. It appears that a high intake of vitamin E reduces the frequency of clinical events as well as mortality in heart disease. While probucol, which is an antioxidant supplement, although questionable, has shown positive results when it comes to atherosclerosis, as some studies have reportedly claimed that it can inhibit the. 1987;84(9):2995–2998.