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  • Essay / Daily Returns Studies

    Daily returns studies carried out by different researchers have yielded distinctive results. Some researchers found that there was some Monday centrality, although others found that there was an effect of earlier returns the next day. In a comparative study, Ankur Singhal Vikram Bahure (2009) argued that daily profits should depend on the day of the week taking the Indian stock market environment. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why Violent Video Games Should Not Be Banned”? Get an original essay The profits expected by the specialist for Monday should be lower while the returns on Friday should be higher than the other rest days by concentrating the “weekend effect”. The performance of annual returns and daily returns at the National Stock Exchange was studied by Selvarani M and Leena Jenefa (2009), using parametric and non-parametric statistical tests used to test the average returns and the standard deviations of the returns are equal. The study revealed the strong effect of April and January on the performance of the NSE. After the creation of the Rolling Settlement system, Friday became more important. Regarding the effect of day anomalies, the effect of Tuesday was more widespread than that of Monday. The exploration titled “A Study on Weekend Effects of Stock Returns in Indian Stock Market Indices” the authors (Singhal Ankur and Bahure Vikram, 2009) builds the opinion and research that daily profits of stocks depend of the day of the week in Indian titles. exchange. The aptitude database was taken for investigation. The information was collected using the opening and closing costs of offering three indices in India. The indices are BSE Sensex, BSE 200 and S&P Nifty. The information was calculated from April 1, 2003 to April 30, 2008, day by day. The information collected was examined by regression analysis. The results of the study show that the return of each day of the week during the study period by the BSE Sensex, S&P Nifty and BSE 200 indices gives similar results. Monday's returns remained lower than the rest of the day. The yield on Friday remained higher than the rest of the days of the week. The limitation of the research study was that the researcher considered cyclical factors instead of the necessary factor and the researcher considered weekly changes in stock returns. Monthly changes, seasonal changes and changes in intraday returns have not been taken into account. The research was carried out to know the different stock market anomalies and check the effect of calendar in Bombay Stock Exchange (Sensex) by Chandra Abhijit (2009). Examine the presence of calendar anomalies in BSE Sensex. Secondary data was used for analysis and collected from daily stock performance of Sensex. The main objective of this review was to check the effect of turn and time of month in BSE Sensex. The investigation period extended from April 1, 1998 to March 31, 2008. Results found towards the end of the analysis, the effects of turn and time of month were found to be significant. Research has found that the days of the month give a higher return than the last days of the month, as in the month also. The researcher examined the anomaly and modeled the January market for the five major indices of NSE according to an evidence-based study by Rengasamy Elango, Dayanand Panday (2008), the analysis revealed that in March and April , these significant negative results recorded two months to buy the stock andso we can deduce that November and December are the ideal time to sell the stock. Study and analyze the effect of the day of the week on the Stock Exchange of Mauritius (SEM). The objective of the study is to examine the effects of daily weekday anomalies on the Mauritius Stock Exchange by Ushad Subadar Agathee (2008). During the study, he found that there is no significant effect on the day of the week for the entire year. The study period was from January 1998 to December 2006. The results demonstrated that Friday's performance appeared to be higher than the rest of the trading days of the week. Return volatility modeling is studied by Brajesh Kumar and Priyanka Singh (2008). The main focus of the study was testing volatility and risk-return relationship based on seasonality with respect to the Indian stock market and commodity markets. With the help of GARCH, we check the volatility clustering in both markets. The analysis of the risk-return relationship is analyzed by the GRACH model. The study period was 18 years, from January 1, 1990 to December 31, 2007. Data was collected from the S&P CNX Nifty index. With the help of GARCH, we can say that there is a positive relationship between risk and return in the commodity market. The analysis shows that an insignificant relationship is found in soybean and a significant relationship is found in gold. Regarding seasonality, the researcher discovered a negative correlation between yield and its volatility. The November effect is an example of an anomaly in the Indian stock market which was studied by Gagari Chakrabarti, Chitrakalpa Sen (2008). The authors studied the effect of the month of November on stock market returns. Using this study, the researcher studied the absence of calendar anomalies with different market reactions, for this using the TGARCH econometric model. The researcher confirmed the seasonal anomaly in the form of the November effect. Dicle and Hassan (2007), through their research tools, identified that Monday returns were insignificant (negative return) and that Thursday and Friday returns were significant (positive return). In 2007, comparable results were found by researcher Chukwuogor-Ndu in East Asia, where he analyzed financial markets to find out the significant relationship between trading days. During the study, they found that the daily return is not significant nor is the volatility in most of these markets. The study inspected the accessibility of the most regular anomalies, i.e. day of the week effect in the stock market, which directly impacts the return (Hareesh Kumar V, Malabika Deo ( 2007). Monthly effects on stock returns become a new evidence of Indian stock market was studied by Bodla BS, Kiran Jindal (2006), the study examined one such anomaly i.e. month effects of year in the developing market of the Indian capital. For this, data was collected from S&P CNX Nifty and in the form of daily price index and analyzed for the period between January 1, 1998 and August 31, 2005, using the prior agreement procedure and rolling settlement. The result revealed that monthly and weekly return effect was prevalent in the Indian market. The most fundamental anomalies are analyzed by Syed A. Basher and Perry Sadorsky (2006) to know the day effect on the development of stock markets. The specialist used conditional risk and riskunconditional to study the effect of the day of the week in a rapidly developing 21st century. The results revealed that the day of the week effect was not present in a large part of the rapidly developing stock exchanges of the 21st century, some emerging indices showed a very strong day of the week effect after observing the conditional risk of emerging markets. Bing Zhang and Xindan Li (2006) studied the existing calendar effect in the Chinese stock market using a special econometric analysis, GARCH (1, 1) General Error Distribution (GED Model). During the study, the researcher found that the effect existed with low volatility in the initial stage on Friday. Tuesday The effect was observed positive. Additionally, there was high volatility in the month of January. The study, using regression and dummy variables as analysis and outcome variables, found that before the settlement agreement was presented in January 2002 by Goloka C Nath,Manoj Dalvi (2005). Monday and Friday were important days compared to the rest of the days. At the rolling settlement stage, Friday will be important. During the analysis, the researcher discovered Monday's highest standard deviation. In the market, incompetence still exists. To study the seasonality of emerging Asian stock markets: India and Malaysia, Chotigcat T, Pandey IM (2005) examined the monthly effect on stock returns (stock specific) of stock market in India and Malaysia. This study confirmed the existence of seasonality in stock returns in capital markets and suggested that the Indian stock market would move towards a higher level of efficiency and investors would earn returns commensurate with risk. Another study was carried out to check the anomaly of day of the week effect in Indian stock market by Goloka C Nath, Manoj Dalvi (2005). The authors used high-frequency and end-of-day data (S&P CNX Nifty) as a reference. The study was conducted using regression with bivariate weights and dummy variables and found that before the introduction of the rolling agreement in January 2002, Monday and Friday were significant days, i.e. i.e. days with higher yields. . However, after the introduction of the Rolling Settlement, only Friday became significant. On Monday, higher standard deviations were seen compared to Friday. Market inefficiency still existed and the market had not yet properly priced the risk. Harvinder Kaur (2004) measured the volatility of Indian stock market and US market and analyzed the nature and characteristics of unpredictability in Indian stock market and so as in United States (US). The response to news arrival was found to be asymmetric, meaning that the impact of news, whether good or bad, remains the same. The performance and instability of different days of the week changed slightly after the implementation of the Rolling Settlement. The evidence of return and volatility was found to vary between the United States and the Indian stock market. To examine the daily effect anomaly in Indian stock markets, Nath and Dalvi (2004) conducted a study for the period 1999–2003, using the Indian high-frequency and lagged CNX NIFTY data from S&SP. Using regression variables and dummy variables, the study reveals that before the agreement was introduced in January 2002, Monday and Friday were important days. On Monday, higher standard deviations were observed, followed by Friday, which clearly demonstrated the existence of market inefficiencies. To examine seasonality in their model ofperformance, SN Sarma (2004) found that different sets of days like Monday to Tuesday, Monday to Friday and Wednesday to Friday have positive deviations for all indices. The Monday-Friday set for all indices has the highest positive deviation, which indicates the presence of opportunities to earn consistent abnormal returns through a trading strategy of buying on Monday and selling on Friday . The study concludes that the observed patterns are useful for timing of offerings, thereby exploring the opportunity to exploit the regularities observed in Indian stock market returns. In an article titled “Stock Market Seasonality in an Emerging Market,” Sarma. SN (2004) explored the presence of seasonality in Indian stock market returns in the post-liberalization period. The study highlighted the presence of seasonality during the week. The study confirmed the results of previous studies on the leptocentric distribution of capital returns, the presence of high variance on Mondays, the weekend effect and the regularity of returns across indices. Seasonality refers to periods of time during which stocks/sectors/indexes are subject to and influenced by recurring trends that produce obvious patterns in investment evaluation. “Market Seasonality in an Emerging Market”, a study conducted by Sarma.SN (2004), explored the presence of seasonality in Indian stock market returns during the post-liberalization period. Provides evidence of seasonality for each day of the week. It confirmed the results of previous studies on the leptocentric distribution of capital returns, the presence of high variances on Mondays, the regularity of returns between indices and the weekend effect. A research study titled Time Varying Volatility in the Indian Stock Market was conducted by Harvinder K. (2004). The researcher analyzed the volatility of stock markets in India and the United States. It was found that the response to news arrival was not regular, meaning that the impact of good and bad news is not the same. The return and volatility on different days of the week changed somewhat after the introduction of rolling settlement. It has shown various evidence of returns and there is easily volatility between the US market and the Indian stock market. An article titled This to check the presence of monthly returns in seasonality in the Sensex. The study examines the monthly performance of stocks in developing markets by Pandey IM (2002). After examining the seasonality or monthly series of results, the study found that there was a monthly effect on stock returns in India. The main conclusion of the study is that the monthly return of January, February, August and December is higher than the rest of the months. The result shows that the maximum returns are shown in February and the rest of the months show negative returns. The research results indicate that our country's stock markets were not efficient and advise investors to invest their time in stocks to increase returns. Calendar anomalies refer to the study of the market on a daily, weekly, quarterly and annual basis. Demirer and Baha Karan (2002) studied the potential presence of different calendar effects at the ISB (Istanbul Stock Exchange). The duration of the study was 8 years from January 1, 1988 to December 31, 1996. All daily, weekly, quarterly and annual returns appeared to be high. The authors found no evidence to support the day of the week effect. The only important conclusion was obtained when testing the model.