Marxism is a philosophical system developed by Marx and Friedrich Engels. This theory is also known as dialectical materialism, according to which matter gives rise to spirit. Dialectical materialism relies on social and political institutions that gradually change in nature as economic developments transform material conditions. This is the basis of communism. The opposite theory would be that of capitalism. Although communism, in some forms, can be attributed to various utopian ideas, the theoretical basis of communist countries comes from Karl Marx, a poor German, and his colleague Friedrich Engels. Marx believed that all evil in the world could be attributed to one social class. struggle between the “haves,” the rich, who controlled the means of production, and the “have-nots,” the workers, who actually did the work. Marx saw more and more wealth concentrated in the hands of fewer and fewer people, while the masses, the workers, were deprived of the legitimate fruits of their labor. Marx envisioned a global union of the working classes, where the proletariat would rise up and overthrow the bosses. Then, with the workers controlling everything, everyone would work to the limits of their abilities, and everyone would receive whatever he or she needed. Marx imagined that this would happen first in the highly industrialized countries of Germany and England, not in industrialized countries. A largely rural and illiterate Russia. Lenin's contribution to Marxist theory was the concept of the weakest link: Russia, as the weak link in the chain of industrialized countries, should be the first to overthrow the bourgeoisie and establish a dictatorship of the proletariat. As we can see in recent years, things have not gone as planned. Marx's economic theories were complicated and mostly very wrong. The labor theory of value was at the heart of his conception of economics. According to this theory, the value of a product depended on the amount of labor put into it. In reality, a product is worth the price you can sell it for. Marx believed that capitalists, the people who owned the means of production, would constantly strive to get more and more work from the workers, the people who constituted the proletariat, so that they could obtain more and more profits . of paper ......rx considered, there would be no need to invest hard work and risk for better returns. Without motivation and hard work, utopia is just a dream, and the standard of living will likely aim for the lowest subsistence level. This has proven true in most of these experiences with communism. Even the lowest level of a good capitalist society benefits as living standards rise. The rising tide lifts all boats. Some boats may not be as large as others, but are suitable for those who use their talents and energy. In the Marxist social model, there is a tendency toward mediocrity at best and simple survival at worst. Competition and effort seem to gravitate toward the best of all worlds, even for the smallest among us. We can, in fact, benefit from the fruits of the efforts of others and contribute to their rise while benefiting from these advantages. Utopia is a situation of unrealistic expectations where there is no drive to excel and compete. A small, evenly divided pie is still a small piece of pie. On the other hand, a larger, more magnificent pie has the potential to satisfy needs even if the slice is narrower..