Table of ContentsIntroductionPhotovoltaic CellsSolar InverterAdvantages of Solar InverterDisadvantages of Solar InverterHardware Components:ApplicationsConclusionFuture ScopeSolar technologies help harness the energy of the sun for immediate use . Solar energy can be stored as heat and sunlight can be used to produce electrical energy for the home or business. This article proposes the design of an inverter that will allow the inversion of a DC power source, provided by photovoltaic (PV) cells, into an AC power source that will be used to power a load even without main power functional. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why Violent Video Games Should Not Be Banned”?Get Original EssayIntroductionTo produce electrical power, conventional sources like coal, gas, and nuclear generators are used. Some of the conventional sources pollute the environment to produce electricity and nuclear energy is not preferable due to its harmful radioactive effects on humanity. In ten years, conventional sources will no longer be sufficient to meet humanity's needs. Thus, at a time of growing energy needs and growing environmental concerns, alternatives to the use of non-renewable and polluting fossil fuels are being studied. One of these alternatives is solar energy. Solar energy is simply radiant energy in the form of light and heat energy emitted by the sun. The sun creates its energy through a thermonuclear process that converts approximately 650,000,000 tons of hydrogen into helium every second. The process creates heat and electromagnetic radiation. A small fraction of the total radiation produced reaches Earth. Radiation that reaches Earth is the indirect source of almost all types of energy used today. This solar energy in the form of radiation can be directly converted into electricity. Most of our tools are designed to run on electricity, so if we can create electricity with solar power, we can run almost anything with solar power. So we use solar collectors that can convert this radiation into electricity that can be used for various loads even when there is no main power supply. Due to the nature of solar energy, two components are required to have a functional solar power generator: in addition to a collector, a storage unit is also integrated into the system. The collector simply collects the radiation that falls on it and converts a fraction of it into other forms of energy, either electricity and heat or heat alone. The storage unit is necessary due to the variable nature of solar energy. Components of Solar Conversion: Photovoltaic Cells A photovoltaic cell is essentially a semiconductor diode that converts visible light into direct current (DC). Some photovoltaic cells can also convert infrared or ultraviolet radiation into DC electricity. This phenomenon has been known for more than half a century, but until recently, the quantities of electricity produced were used little more than to measure the intensity of the radiation. The basic mechanism of a photovoltaic (PV) cell is shown in the diagram where the production of electricity from a single photovoltaic cell is shown in Figure 1. Photovoltaic cells are an integral part of solar energy systems -electric, which are becoming more and more important as an alternative.sources of electrical energy. Most photovoltaic cells currently on the market operate with an efficiency of less than 15%; that is, of all the radiation that falls on them, less than 15% is converted into electricity. Solar InverterAn inverter is an electrical device that converts direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC), the converted alternating current can be at any required voltage and frequency with the use of suitable transformers, switching and control circuits. Solid-state inverters have no moving parts and are used in a wide range of applications, from small switching power supplies in computers to large electric utilities. DC voltage applications that carry bulk power. Inverters are commonly used to provide alternating current from DC sources such as solar panels or batteries. The inverter performs the opposite function of a rectifier. Solar inverter is an essential device in any solar energy system. Its basic function of the inverter is to change the variable direct current output of solar panels to alternating current. The different electrical and electronic components connected in the circuit contribute to the conversion. Converted AC power is used to operate appliances such as television, refrigerator, microwave oven, etc. For some special applications, we can directly use the DC power supply from the solar panel, such as LED night lights, cell phone charger. Typically, the power of a home solar energy system is used to power AC loads. In the model presented in this article, we use small-scale AC and DC loads, such as a fan and light bulbs. Benefits of Solar Inverter Solar energy has consistently helped reduce the greenhouse effect and global warming. Using solar devices will help save money as well as energy. Because many people have started using these devices. A solar inverter helps transform direct current into batteries or alternating current. This supports people who use a partial amount of electricity. The synchronous solar inverter which helps small homeowners as well as power companies as they are large in size. The multifunction solar inverter is the best of all and works powerfully. It converts direct current to alternating current very carefully, which is suitable for commercial establishments. This inverter is cost effective, i.e. low cost compared to generators. Apart from these, there are also additional devices that use solar energy, such as a solar heater, a cooker. Disadvantages of Solar Inverter Mainly, we have to spend a lot of money to buy a solar inverter. It will operate efficiently and produce direct current only when there is strong daylight. Solar panels are used to attract the sun and need a lot of space. There is no sun but the available battery is fully charged with the help of the sun. With the rapid advancement of power electronics techniques, solar energy as an alternative energy source has been used such as photovoltaic (PV) module. The basic concept of PV module is to collect solar energy in space and transfer it to distribute it as electrical energy. However, this renewable energy requires fairly sophisticated conversion techniques to make it usable by the end user. Photovoltaic production is essentially in the form of currentcontinuous (DC). Therefore, it must be converted to alternating current (AC) for it to be commercially feasible. This is necessary because the use of energy is mainly in the form of alternating current. This conversion can be done using an inverter. In any photovoltaic system, the inverter is an essential component responsible for controlling the electrical flow between the modules, the battery and the loads. Inverters are essentially DC-AC converters. It converts DC input to AC output. It can be designed for use with different voltage ranges and topologies for various applications. A solar inverter takes DC electricity from the solar panel and uses it to create AC electricity. Hardware Components: The simplest semiconductor device consists of a sandwich of P type semiconductor material, with contacts provided to connect the p and n type layers to an external circuit. This is a junction diode. If the positive terminal of the battery is connected to the P-type material (cathode) and the negative terminal to the N-type material (anode), a large current will flow. This is called forward current or forward bias. Thus the Diode allows direct current to pass only in one direction while blocking it in the other direction. 555 TIMER and an 8 PIN TIMER, used as in 1 & 5, 4 & 8, are shorted in our model. The 555 timer IC is an integrated circuit (chip) used in a variety of timer, pulse generation and oscillator applications. The 555 can be used to provide delays, as an oscillator. Metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) is a type of field-effect transistor (FET). It has an insulated gate whose voltage determines the conductivity of the device. This ability to change conductivity depending on the amount of voltage applied can be used to amplify or switch electronic signals. A printed circuit board (PCB) mechanically supports and electrically connects electronic components using conductive traces, pads, and other elements etched from sheets of copper laminated to a nonconductive substrate. Components (e.g. capacitors, resistors or active devices) are usually soldered onto the PCB. Solar Panel – A solar panel (also solar module, photovoltaic module or photovoltaic panel) is a packaged and connected assembly of solar cells, also called photovoltaic cells. The solar panel can be used as a component of a larger photovoltaic system to produce and supply electricity in commercial and residential applications. Since a single solar panel can only produce a limited amount of energy, many installations contain multiple panels. A photovoltaic system generally includes a set of solar panels, an inverter and sometimes a battery and interconnection wiring.ApplicationsThe solar inverter has many advantages but also few disadvantages, it also requires management for its proper operation. The model presented in this article is a basic model that can be easily manufactured and installed even in remote areas where main power may not be available. The capacity of the model presented can be modified depending on the desired application. Although the installation cost is high, in the long run it is a cheap source of energy. Recently in India, some celebrities are committed to developing remote areas. The presented model can be used in these areas for development. The installation and use of this model is easy and understandable even if the operator has no knowledge.