IntroductionThe Characteristics of Cancer written by Douglas Hanahan and Robert A. Weinberg proposed the underlying principles and essential features of the development of human tumors. This article has distilled all the existing research to describe the fundamental characteristics of cancer. Hanahan and Weinberge proposed six features common to all cancers mentioned in this article: supporting proliferative signaling, avoiding growth suppressor, resisting cell death, allowing replicative immortality, maintaining angiogenesis and tissue invasion and metastases. Four emerging features are also presented in this article, describing the 10 current underlying principles shared by cancer cells. Hanahan and Weinberg also provided specific examples of potential mechanisms for punches. All the characteristic mechanisms of cancer must be fulfilled in the development of cancer cells. Six fundamental characteristics of cancer Cancer cells have a particular characteristic to maintain chronic proliferative signaling to allow uncontrollable growth. These cells allow growth factors to bind to cell surface receptors containing tyrosine kinase domains. These growth factors regulate progression to emit intracellular signals, allowing cells to progress through the cell cycle as well as cell growth. Cancer cells use several methods to acquire the ability to maintain proliferative signaling, including the production of growth factor ligand, resulting in autocrine proliferative stimulation. Another method used by cancer cells is to send signals to stimulate normal cells within the supporting tumor-associated stroma to provide the cancer cells with necessary growth factors. Cancer cells also showed higher levels of p...... middle of article ......ks of the cancer described in this article together dictate the malignant phenotype of the cancer. These characteristics of cancer are fundamental to cancer research, showing the remarkable similarity of pathological traits that are ultimate in tumor formation and progression. Novel features include self-sufficiency in growth signals, insensitivity to anti-growth signals, tissue invasion and metastasis; unlimited replication potential, sustained angiogenesis, and evasion of apoptosis in which cells must accumulate to become cancerous. Emerging features such as reprogramming of energy metabolism and evasion of the immune system have been shown to be key features contributing to the progression of cancer cells. However, they have not yet been integrated into the six canonical characteristics, as whether or not they are ubiquitous in the types of cancers called is still undetermined..