Two studies judged to be of acceptable quality examined the association of specific functions and musculoskeletal discomfort. Some evidence was found for the association between use of auxiliary and messaging functions and MS discomfort (in tablets and cell phones), while the association between frequency of phone calls and MS discomfort was not conclusive. Kwok et al. (2017) and Yang et al. (2016) found that those who used auxiliary functions, such as browsing information and messaging on their devices, were associated with MSK discomfort. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why violent video games should not be banned”?Get an original essayIn the study by Kwok et al. (2017), adolescents who perceived musculoskeletal discomfort spent significantly more time per day browsing information (z=-5.96), watching TV/movies (z=-5.92), and send messages (z= -4.36), while the number of body parts experiencing discomfort increased with hours spent using auxiliary functions (F=6.009, p). However, both studies had many potential sources of bias and these results should therefore be analyzed with caution. Future studies should seek to measure the level of discomfort. discomfort caused by these tasks and examine how each may affect muscle activity and postures in adolescents. Yang et al. ) with upper back discomfort Similar findings have been observed in the adult population and are likely due to prolonged static postures adopted when holding a phone during phone calls. The upper back can become a stabilizer for the head and neck when talking on the phone. , this position can lead to the development of upper back pain if sustained. Interestingly, Yang et al. (2016) also found that the group that spent the most time talking experienced less wrist and hand discomfort than the group that spent less than an hour talking on the phone (OR=0.27, p=0.03). This may be due to the isometric grip maintained when holding the phone or spending less time doing other repetitive tasks such as messaging. However, as only this study examined phone calls as a risk factor, these results should be interpreted with caution and future studies should examine this association more thoroughly in the adolescent population. One study rated as high quality and one study rated as low quality. The study found associations between adopting different uncomfortable postures while using the device and the risk of MS discomfort. However, different postures were examined in these studies and the results should therefore be interpreted with caution due to the limited amount of evidence. Keep in mind: this is just a sample. Get a personalized article from our expert writers now. Get a Personalized Essay Therefore, further research is warranted to determine whether these associations are strong. No studies have specifically reported neck flexion postures, although this has been found to be a risk factor in other reviews in the general population. Nevertheless, it is likely that the high prevalence of neck and neck/shoulder pain observed in all studies in this review was related to postures of sustained neck flexion and future studies should therefore examine this phenomenon in the adolescent population..