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Essay / Philosophical and Historical Foundations of America...
The Founding Father's views on government were influenced by both classical republican philosophers and natural rights philosophers. The two groups of philosophers had very different views on how a government should operate. Classical republicans believed that the individual must sacrifice personal freedoms to achieve the common good. Natural rights philosophers, on the other hand, believed that a person's individual freedoms should be preserved at all costs. The two greatest examples of historical precedent for republican government are the ancient Greek and Roman civilizations, both of which gave the people great power in government by allowing them to express themselves. Natural rights philosophers favored the Greeks, while most classical republicans admired the Romans. The theory of classical republicanism is that the best society is one that promotes the common good rather than individual interests. One way to do this is to limit individual rights. This idea began in Rome in 509 after King Servius' successor, Tarquin the Proud, behaved in such a tyrannical manner that the outraged aristocracy ousted him. In response to this unspeakable treatment, the Romans changed the work of government. The elite proclaimed themselves protectors of Rome against tyranny. This mindset became crucial to the ideology by which they justified their political supremacy. From this point on, anyone attempting to turn popular support into personal power will arouse intense suspicion. Many problems can arise in a society that emphasizes both individual rights and the common good, as the two goals are often contradictory in nature. Everyone desires individual rights, but to protect the common good, a social contract must be in force. This means that certain personal rights must be sacrificed for the good of the community. Natural rights philosophy considered the rights of the individual to be of primary importance, but classical republicans believed that the interests of the community were more important. Classical Republicans required people to care for each other in small communities and shared similarities in finances and religion. This required an official religion and a unique set of family norms had to be followed. So it was obvious that this wouldn't work in America, since so many people had come here to escape their official religion and seek economic opportunity. Classical republicans emphasized the need for moral education and homogeneity in order to protect the interests of society..