Transport is one of the many factors that influence health in many societies. The level of a transportation system describes the distance traveled by civilizations. Transportation is defined as the movement of goods and services from one place to another. Transport opens the way to many developments in societies. Developments are processes that improve the quality of life of a community, province or country as a whole (Simon, 1996). There are many types of developments, but this paper focuses on developments that revolve around how transportation as a development can affect the health and well-being of the country. In this review, we will discuss the positive and negative impacts of transport on the health and well-being of the population of Papua New Guinea. The main types or modes of a transport systemThere are different types of transport used around the world, the main ones being land transport, sea or river transport and air transport and these transport have been used depending on their mode of transport . The main modes of transportation are waterways, railways, aerial pipelines and roads. In Papua New Guinea, the most common transportation systems are land (roads), air (airstrips and airports), and sea or rivers (waterways). People who live along rivers or the coast use canoes and boats to get around. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why Violent Video Games Should Not Be Banned”? Get an Original Essay People who have access to roads can use cars, trucks, and buses to travel longer distances. While others, in remote areas, who have access to neither, only use airways by plane and helicopter. Many young people are seen cycling shorter distances while others resort to walking along dirt roads and footpaths. Positive Impacts on Transportation SystemEconomicA good transportation system brings economic growth to a nation. For example, Papua New Guinea exports raw materials such as copper, gas and other mineral resources and imports manufactured goods into the country by sea. With stronger economic growth, the government is able to invest more in improving health as well as infrastructure and other basic services for its population. Industries and customers are able to market and purchase products in a larger market due to the accessibility of a good transportation system (Coyle, Novack, Gibson, & Bardi, 2011), both nationally and 'international. The planes bring foreign tourists to visit the country and boost the tourism industry, providing local communities with just enough money to support their families. Public transport (taxis and buses) takes people to and from work, hospital, markets and any place that can be included in their itinerary. Efficient transportation gets people to their jobs on time, allowing employees to be efficient and focused. Rural areas are undergoing a transportation transformation by building highways to connect provinces and communities. Thus, it provides markets for business systems to take place and for government to provide services (Simon, 1996). Thanks to the availability of the road connection, residents can bring their fresh produce tosell them along the highway. This saves them time, money and gives them peace of mind. A good example of this can be seen along Papua New Guinea's many highways. And they provide a much-needed service to hungry travelers traveling the highway. Schoolchildren can attend school away from home or nearby using bicycles and public transport. Let's imagine a student walking several miles to school, he will be sure to be tired after arriving at school and another trip back home once he is done. For a young person, being so active can be very exhausting, especially when they also participate in school activities. Students can get to school on time, saving enough energy each morning to stay focused in school and return home once their daily tasks are completed. All these activities contribute to the economic and social growth of a country or state. Transportation also saves lives when it comes to emergency health services. Many health emergencies require planes, buses, cars, etc. to transport patients to hospitals. In situations like this, lives are saved due to the availability of transportation. All of this is seen as positive in society as it improves their livelihood and creates an efficient daily travel pattern. Transportation is also used to transport medical supplies to rural and urban healthcare facilities. A good transportation system is needed to deliver these supplies on time before drug stocks run out at facilities. It also transports health workers, construction materials for new aid stations or maintenance equipment for a community health center. The mode of transportation used in this particular situation may depend on the geographic location of the healthcare facilities. If closer to land then land transport may be used, if closer to waterways then a boat, dugout canoe or the more modern form of canoe, a motor canoe or simply called a banana boat . Areas that do not have access to both types of transportation use small planes where there are airstrips and those that do not use helicopters. Negative Impacts of a Transportation SystemTransportation can also cause problems. Environmental, social, public order and other problems that can have negative consequences on people's livelihoods. With every good thing, there is always a bad thing lurking behind it. Environmental Environmental destruction also occurs when roads and airstrips are built. And this destruction also contributes to biodiversity loss when organisms' habitats are destroyed for human development. Transportation also increases the amount of pollution in the atmosphere. Vehicle imports into the country are increasing as people purchase private vehicles, increasing the number of gas emissions. In urban areas, especially in big cities, traffic jams are very common every day, which increases the stress level of drivers. Destruction also leads to another environmental problem, pollution. Air pollution due to large amounts of gas emissions into the atmosphere. According to Black and Black (2009), this decreases the quality of oxygen we need to breathe, impacts climate change and also contributes to health problems such as asthma and chronic diseases. Another form ofpollution is noise pollution, with many private and public automobiles, they generate very loud noises on the roads. Some drivers become stressed, agitated, and cranky when they hear all the noise around them. And this stress can lead to a heart attack or stroke because their mind is not calm. SocialUrban migration is another problem that impacts the health and well-being of the population. When transportation is accessible, people move from rural areas to cities and towns for a better life. They invade the city and populate it. Schools, hospitals, clinics, markets and shops are overcrowded in towns and villages. But cities remain expensive due to the high cost of living, so urban migrants are forced to live in slums. The crime rate increases as some of them look for other means of livelihood to survive. From one end of a city to the other, they circle around for their next meal and some pocket money. The victim could be an unsuspecting passenger on a bus, a taxi or a person walking to the market, bank, school or hospital. Buses and walking are their means of transportation as they spread through cities in search of their targets. Transportation also contributes to the spread of new diseases in a community. When there is development in an area, people from outside also explore the area. They would also like to participate in this development. They will bring with them new ideas, new developments and new diseases. Diseases spread within the region and as soon as a disease carrier travels to another neighboring community, diseases spread to that community as soon as it becomes the carrier's arrival destination. The higher the risk of people moving, the greater the spread of disease. For example, during the construction of the Mendi-Koroba highway, as part of the Okuk (Highlands Highway), malaria-infected workers from other parts of the country and employed at the time by the company construction sites may have transmitted the disease to the local population in communities along the highway (Simon, 1996). Traffic jams and car accidents occur frequently with the increase in transportation. Many motorists and pedestrians are still on the road daily to get to work in cities or areas near cities. With the overpopulation of urban areas, many unfortunate accidents occur. Many lives are lost in car accidents and injuries are also caused by car accidents. Traffic jams are a daily norm in urban areas, they are very stressful, time consuming and cost a lot of money (Coyle and Novack, 2011). The longer the vehicle stalls in a traffic jam or traffic jam while the engine is running, the more fuel is consumed. Which means more money will have to be spent on fuel to enable daily travel there and back. For people who travel in public motor vehicles, their working hours are consumed, meaning they will face pay cuts, which is very frustrating for working class commuters. In many developed countries, private vehicle drivers are very lazy about walking and exercising. They rely so much on commuting and driving that they are too lazy to work. They eat, sleep and go to work without using their body's calories or even doing.