Turner syndrome, which is one of the most common chromosomal abnormalities, is defined as "a syndrome with a chromosome number of 45 and a single X chromosome." Turner syndrome was first described in 1938. Henry Turner, an endocrinologist from Oklahoma City, was the first to discover this syndrome. He was curious to know why seven of his patients, six adolescents and one adult, whom he was treating for dwarfism and lack of development, were not responding to treatment. He described the women as not mature, with short necks and low back hair, as well as an increased elbow flexion angle. After numerous tests, the results showed that all women were missing an X chromosome. Turner disease affects the second X chromosome in a pair of chromosomes. This X is either incomplete or completely absent, leading to decreased fetal development as well as decreased development after birth. Since Turner disease affects the second X chromosome, this means that Turner disease only affects females. However, women of a certain race, nationality, or those who live in a certain region of the world are at the same risk of having Turner syndrome. According to the United Kingdom's National Health Service, one in 2,000 to 2,500 baby girls is born with Turner disease. Normally, if a baby is conceived with a missing X chromosome, the body will naturally abort, which constitutes a miscarriage. Turner disease is typically the cause of nearly 10% of miscarriages in the first trimester. Monosomy is the reason why one X chromosome is completely missing, meaning every cell in the person's body is missing one X chromosome. Mosaic Turner syndrome, also known as mosaicism or Turner mosaicism, is an error that occurs in the early stages of fetal development...... middle of paper ...... uh. The Turner Syndrome Support Society, based in the UK, helps women and girls affected by Turner syndrome and their families by providing support, advice and information. The Turner Syndrome Society of the United States is an association that provides health-related resources to patients, families and physicians. Here are some interesting facts about Turner's disease. This syndrome affects 60,000 women in the United States, results in the birth of 1 to 2,500 babies, and approximately 800 cases are diagnosed each year. The single X chromosome comes from the mother in 75 to 80% of cases. A woman with Turner syndrome, who is untreated, is on average about four feet eight inches tall. A female, XX, who is missing one of the X chromosomes, can survive. However, a man cannot survive without the X chromosome. Butterflies are considered a symbol of hope for girls with Turner syndrome.