Thousands of years ago, since the creation of man, human beings have multiplied. So there was generational decency, procreation and the birth of babies. From there, the cycle of life is maintained: being born, growing and dying. Each birth was attended by a midwife. It is a person who has skills during the months of gestation and to assist and help the mother receive the birth of the newborn. The midwife knew how the birth of a newborn takes place, but did not have the necessary knowledge to be able to diagnose the congenital diseases that accompanied the newborn. In the 19th century, extensive study was conducted on childbirth and conception of newborns. Since it is very important how the newborn will survive. Including whether the baby arrives healthy or with genetic defects. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why Violent Video Games Should Not Be Banned”? Get the original essay Before the end of the 19th century, doctors didn't really care about newborns. This is truly devastating to hear because every time a baby is born, a new generation is born as well. It was the obstetricians who were the real ones responsible and interested in investigating the origins and how to care for the newborn. Obstetricians specialize in medicine and surgery related to newborns. They also care for women who have given birth. Later, pediatricians gradually began to take an interest in the science of newborns. According to Alistair GS Philip of Stanford University School of Medicine, “In the mid-20th century, many pediatricians expressed an interest in the newborn; the primary responsibility for these infants has shifted from the obstetrician to the pediatrician.” Obstetricians and pediatricians contribute to helping the mother and newborn get the best possible attention they need to live healthy and happy lives. In the 19th century, according to statistics and studies carried out by doctors, obstetricians and gynecologists. This group of doctors was dedicated to the direct care of the mother as well as the newborn. Nowadays, medicine and technology are so advanced that we can know the height, weight and gender of the baby. There are many major advances in neonatology, but we will only focus on three. The first advance that changes newborn care is the incubator. Couney is the person who invented the incubator for premature babies. The incubator is a transparent square or rectangular enclosure in which the newborn is kept. Because it is a controlled environment that can easily be changed if necessary. It includes a heater, fan, humidifier and a control damper where oxygen can be added. The incubator also had open access holes allowing nurses to reach inside and care for the newborn. At the beginning of the 20th century, premature births were one of the leading causes of infant mortality. There are several causes why a baby is born prematurely. The causes can be problems such as stress, smoking or illegal drug use, high blood pressure or diabetes. Stress can harm the mental and emotional health of the pregnant mother, which can also affect the baby. Smoking cigarettes and using illegal drugs can explain why the baby is premature. Smoking cigarettes can cause problems with the mother's placenta. Which is very important for the baby because his oxygen and food come from there. The placenta can separate from the uterus too early and cause bleeding..