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Essay / A comparison of Christian influence on Beowulf and...
Christian influence on Beowulf and the saga of King Hrolf KrakiIn Beowulf, Christian influence is revealed through approximately 70 passages in which the form of expression or the thought suggests Christian usage or doctrine (Blackburn 3); The Saga of King Hrolf Kraki is in its own way imbued with Christian values even if it retains vestiges of the cult of Odin. The Christian element seems too deeply woven into the text of Beowulf to be assumed to be due to additions. made by scribes at a time when the poem had managed to be written. The Christian element must have been included by the original poet or by the minstrels who later recited it. The extent to which the Christian element is present varies in different parts of the poem, from about ten percent in the first part to much less than in the rest of the poem. The Christian element is distributed almost equally between the speeches and the story. Christian missionaries to Britain in the early centuries took many words belonging to pagan beliefs and practices and adopted them into the Church (Blackburn 3). For example, Hel was once the goddess of the underworld; Catholic missionaries used hell to indicate the place of the dead, then the damned. Likewise with words such as Yule, Easter, God, haelend, nergend, drihten, metod, frea; the latter have fallen into disuse. We see these words used in Beowulf as well as other Anglo-Saxon poetry. The theology that appears in Beowulf's Christian allusions is very vague and indefinite: there is no mention of Christ, of saints, of miracles, of Mary his Mother, of specific doctrines. of the Church, Martyrs of the Church, The New Test...... middle of paper ......ticism, edited by Lewis E. Nicholson. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1963. Bloom, Harold. "Introduction." In Modern Critical Interpretations: Beowulf, edited by Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1987. Chadwick, H. Munro. “The Heroic Age”. In An Anthology of Beowulf Criticism, edited by Lewis E. Nicholson. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1963. Chickering, Howell D. Beowulf A bilingual edition. New York: Anchor Books, 1977. Frank, Roberta. “The Poet Beowulf’s Meaning of History.” In Beowulf – Modern Critical Interpretations, edited by Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1987. Ward & Trent, et al. The Cambridge History of English and American Literature. New York: Sons of GP Putnam, 1907-1921; New York: Bartleby.com, 2000