Table of contentsAbstractIntroductionMaterials and methodsChemical analysis of plant sampleChemical analysis of soilStatistical analysis and interpretation of dataResults and discussionGrain and straw yieldNutrient concentrationAbsorption nutrientsNutrients available in the soil after harvesting the cropAbstractAn experiment was conducted during Kharif 2015 at Water Management Research Farm, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (J&K ), India to study the effect of irrigation scheduling on the yield and nutrient uptake of different direct-sown basmati rice varieties. Results revealed that control irrigation programs recorded significantly higher grain yield (3,370 kg ha-1) and straw yield (6,030 kg ha-1) and which was comparable to irrigation at 2 day intervals by spraying at 150% PE compared to other treatments. . Var. Pusa-1509 recorded a significantly higher grain yield (3,240 kg ha-1), comparable to that of Pusa-1121 (2,960 kg ha-1), and a non-significant effect of varieties was observed on the straw yield. However, monitoring of irrigation programs recorded significantly higher uptake of nitrogen (61.09 kg ha-1), phosphorus (19.70 kg ha-1) and potassium (116.18 kg ha-1). 1) and Pusa-1509 also recorded significantly higher nitrogen uptake (51.87 kg ha-1). ha-1), phosphorus (16.51 kg ha-1) and potassium (103.68 kg ha-1). Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why violent video games should not be banned”?Get the original essayIntroductionRice (Oryza sativa L.), the staple food of more than half the world's population, is a target important in providing food security and livelihoods for millions of people. Global demand for rice is expected to increase by 25% between 2001 and 2025 to keep pace with population growth (Maclean et al., 2002), and therefore sustainably meet an ever-increasing demand for rice in a context of diminishing natural resources constitutes a major challenge. The most common methods of rice crop establishment are direct seeding (dry direct seeding and wet direct seeding) and transplanting. Direct Seeded Rice (DSR) technique is becoming popular nowadays due to its low input demanding nature. Currently, direct seeded rice (DSR) is gaining momentum due to shortage of labor during peak transplanting season and availability of water for short periods. . Direct seeding of rice refers to the process of establishing the crop from seeds sown in the field rather than by transplanting seedlings from the nursery. No-till avoids three basic operations, namely puddling (a process by which soil is compacted to reduce water infiltration), transplanting and maintaining stagnant water. DSR under aerobic conditions is one of the alternatives to replace the traditional transplanting method. According to Lafitte et al. (2002), the concept of DSR includes the use of nutrient-sensitive rice varieties well adapted to aerobic soils with a yield potential of 70-80% of high-input flooded rice. The development of short-duration, early-maturing cultivars and effective nutrient management techniques, as well as the increased adoption of integrated weed management methods, have encouraged many farmers to switch from transplant to DSR cultivation. Rice varieties show great variation inproduction of high density grains which showed maximum potential in terms of filling and specific weight. Keeping these facts in mind, the present investigation was undertaken as the effect of irrigation scheduling on the yield and nutrient uptake of different varieties of direct sown basmati rice. Materials and methods An experiment was conducted during Kharif 2015, at a water management research farm, Sher-e-Kashmir. University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu (J&K), India (located at 32o40' N latitude and 74o58' E longitude with an altitude of 332 m above mean sea level). The soil was sandy loam texture with a pH of 8.23, EC 0.18 (dS/m) organic carbon (0.36%), total N (231.17 kg ha-1), available phosphorus (13 .21 kg ha-1) and available potassium (142.17 kg ha-1). The experiment was conducted using a strip plot design with thrice replicates consisting of five irrigation schedules viz. Control (Normal transplanting with recommended water management practices), Irrigation/saturation at 0.3 bar suction at 15 cm depth* (*Suction measured by Tensiometer installed at 15 cm depth), Irrigation/saturation at 0.4 bar of suction at 15 cm depth* (* Suction measured by Tensiometer installed at 15 cm depth), Irrigation at 2 day intervals by sprinkling at 125% PE (cumulative value of evaporation from the pan for 2 days) and Irrigation at 2 days interval by sprinkler at 150% PE (cumulative value of pan evaporation for 2 days) in vertical plots and three varieties viz. Basmati-370, Pusa-1121 and Pusa-1509 in horizontal plots. The crop was sown in the 3rd week of June. The recommended fertilizer dose was applied depending on the variety. Rice from each net plot of each replicate was harvested and dried. The grains after threshing were weighed and recorded as grain yield per net plot. Additionally, this net grain yield from the plot was converted to grain yield per hectare. Chemical analysis of the plant sample Plant samples were collected from each plot at the time of harvest to estimate the concentration of N, P and K. The samples were oven dried, then finely ground with an electric grinder and analyzed to determine their concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The absorption of N, P and K in grain and straw samples was calculated by multiplying the percentage of nutrients by their respective dry matter accumulation according to the formula below: Nutrient content (%) x material accumulation dry (kg ha-1) Nutrient absorption (kg ha-1) = 100The nitrogen content of cereals and straw was estimated by the modified micro-kjeldhal method described by Jackson (1967) and expressed as a percentage. The phosphorus content of grain and straw was determined by the Vanadomolybdo phosphoric acid method and the absorbance of the solution was recorded at 430 nm using a spectrophotometer and the potassium content in the The plant sample (grain and straw separately) was determined by the flame photometer method. Soil Chemical Analysis Representative soil samples from the experimental plot were collected from the first 15 cm of depth before sowing the crop. Similarly, surface soil samples from 0 to 15 cm depth were also collected from each experimental plot at the time of harvest. The soil samples thus collected were air dried in the shade, ground to powder with a wooden mallet and passed through a 2 mm sieve and analyzed for their nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content. Available nitrogen was determined by the alkaline permanganate method described by Subbiah and Asija(1956). Available phosphorus was determined by Olsen et al., 1954 and available potassium was determined by the ammonium acetate extractable K method using a flame photometer as reported by Jackson (1973). ). Statistical analysis and interpretation of data. The data recorded on various parameters of the experiment were subjected to analysis. using Fisher's analysis of variance (ANOVA) method and interpreted as indicated by Gomez and Gomez (1984). The significance levels used in the “F” and “t” tests were P = 0.05. Critical difference values ​​were calculated where the F test was found to be significant. (3,370 kg ha-1) and straw yield (6,030 kg ha-1) was observed with irrigation schedule with control (normal transplanting with recommended water management practice) which was found at same level as with irrigation at 2 day intervals by sprinkler at 150% PE. . The decrease in grain and straw yield in other treatments was due to the decrease in soil water content due to differential irrigation schedules and therefore showed greater sensitivity for biomass production, area foliage and tillers.production. There was a consistent downward trend in grain and straw yield as the irrigation threshold increased from 0.3 to 0.4 bar. The lower yield of directly sown rice under conditions of greater water deficit was largely due to reduced panicle density, higher tiller mortality and reduced fertility which could be due to abnormal plant development. pollen due to insufficient availability of assimilates under higher stress conditions, as reported by Sudhir-Yadav et al. (2011), Zubaer et al. (2007) and Venuprasad et al. (2007). Application of irrigation at 2 days interval by sprinkler at 150% PE gave a yield comparable to that of transplanted rice. This was due to the availability of moisture close to field capacity at a depth of 0–20 cm after irrigation scheduling, which resulted in greater availability of nutrients in the soil solution. Regarding the var. Pusa-1509 recorded a significantly higher grain yield (3,240 kg ha-1), comparable to that of Pusa-1121 (2,960 kg ha-1). This could be due to greater vegetative growth and better light interception, which resulted in a higher leaf area index and, later, a higher distribution of dry matter towards the economic part. Yield variability among rice cultivars could also be attributed to genetic traits. Ramanjaneyulu et al. (2014) revealed that phenotypic expressions largely depended on genotypic ability. Nutrient concentration Among treatments, the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents of grain and straw, influenced by irrigation schedules and varieties, differed significantly (Table 2). The highest concentrations of N, P, and K were recorded with irrigation scheduling control that was comparable to 2-day interval sprinkler irrigation at 150% PE. In terms of varieties, significantly higher N, P and K concentrations were observed with var. Pusa-1509 which was found tied with Pusa-1121. Nutrient uptake Control of irrigation schedule recorded significantly higher uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by direct-seeded rice (61.0, 19.7 and 116.1 kg ha-1, respectively) and which was tied with the Pusa-1121. Irrigation at 2 day intervals by sprinkler at 150% PE (55.5, 17.4 and 110.1 kg ha-1, respectively). This could be due to the fact that under.