This research project aims to analyze and deepen the understanding of the causes and effects of bullying in adolescence and to understand how this subject is linked to the many stages of development. It is essential to better understand the effects and problems that bullying can present in a biosocial analysis. Bullying in middle adolescence can have dramatic effects on a child's physical, emotional, and developmental growth. It is therefore important to understand what problems it can present and how it affects the child's behavior and growth. Throughout childhood and adolescence, children are exposed to all kinds of situations that shape their environment and who they can become. Bullying is an intentional, continuous and repetitive behavior that demonstrates to the aggressor a form of domination over another human being. Indeed, it can be physical, verbal or psychological and can have dramatic effects on the victims. When describing bullying, it is important to understand that it is a constant form of intentional violence that often progresses or, in other cases, becomes more violent. Violence will often be based on the culture or social context in which one finds oneself. Although violence can happen anywhere, for example as a school, public, it can often just be at home where the abuse can take place. Often, bullying was seen as a means of building character as a right of passage into an age group, but as the mores of society have changed, it is no longer seen as a scapegoat but rather as a social problem that, when left unnoticed, can have harmful results such as a life of fear or, in the worst cases, suicide. It is important that the discussion regarding developmental growth is acknowledged and any changes made to hinder this growth are discussed. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why violent video games should not be banned"? Get an original essay Often the origin of the perpetrator or victim can be traced to the life and experiences of each individual, often to the way the child grew up or the way the aggression that was presented to them is most likely how the child will act or react. Bullying can become problematic when the victim does not speak out about the abuse, it can lead to lifelong psychological impairment when they later cannot cope as adults. It's common for school-aged children to be bullies or victims themselves. In all schools there would be a 50-50% ratio of bullies to victims, bullies are often more dominant, strong and very impulsive. . On the other hand, victims tend to be more shy, calm, non-aggressive, depressed and often alone. Often boys tend to be more bullies than girls, although in this case the bullies themselves tend to be more removed from the situation. Bullying impacts child development and almost results in delays and a sense of progress in the child. Children who experience bullying and aggression live their entire lives with long-term self-esteem issues, and trusting others can become difficult. It has been found that children who are victims of abuse develop less understanding of coping mechanisms and may often face simple or complex problems that present themselves later in life due to a lack of understanding. self-esteem. On the other hand, attackers canoften, later, when they have children of their own, pass on traits of bullying and perhaps an endless cycle of repetition, violence and victimization. In most cases, bullying among middle-aged children can occur at school, and most incidents can involve being pushed, shoved, heckled, or simply being a target for those looking to victimize them. Therefore, although in an academic setting, it is often difficult for victims to seek help or attention from faculty or staff due to fear or other retaliation from peers. The victim may simply not speak out out of fear or more aggressive intimidation following their request for help. Bullying impacts middle childhood and is linked to biosocial development, in other words, bullying inhibits and deprives children of much of their development, which can occur at this stage of development . For example, you have started to notice in your own home that a child may be being bullied, that children may or may not turn to their parents for help or advice, but that there are warning signs such as the book "The Bully, the Bullied and the Innocent Bystander", by Barbara Coloroso, suggest that there may be changes in the daily activity of the child that reflects signs of bullying, such as taking unusual routes to school, withdrawing from family, school activities, doing something unusual, being unable to sleep. and etc. Children may manifest differently and their responses may be differentiated, but recognizing the child's feelings can be the first step in dealing with a child who is being bullied. Support and encouragement can be very helpful for a child who seems on the edge. During middle-aged developmental growth, the child's brain goes through many major stages, there are two parts of the brain that undergo and develop like the frontal lobes and the amygdala according to the book "Bully nation Why America's Approach to Aggression is Bad for Everyone" by Susan Eva Porter, suggest that the frontal lobes house the brain's executive function, meaning it is responsible for reasoning, impulse control, problem solving, attention, etc., these functions in the adolescent brain are still being formed and do not always work in the same way. time, instead they sometimes work better than other times. This usually leads to the child making mistakes or not always making the right decisions. Another part of the brain that should be considered when talking about the brain growth of a middle-aged child is the amygdala, that area of ​​the brain that responds to the fight or flight response, which is a response that alerts in the event of danger. It also increases the feeling of threat and leads to bodily reactions such as elevated heart rate, increased blood pressure, and increased feelings of alertness. It also allows our body to automatically react to respond to the threat. This is when, as Porter suggests, the amygdala plays an important role in the “social life” of the young adolescent. It is thanks to these results that the correlations with the child's response to bullying can be reflected in his actions or in the way he handles situations, since his brain is still developing and he can inhibit or intensify it. It is therefore through the study of the behavior of children and adolescents that we understand that decision-making is not alwaysplanned but or thought clearly. It is then that through research such as that presented, Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, by David Shwarts for the Department of Psychology, where he examines the effects of peer bullying during childhood, which becomes a major behavioral correlation that can result later. A study was carried out with 388 participants including 198 boys and 190 girls, aged 8 to 8.5 years. This study was based and constructed to observe the internalizing problems that may be presented in children in this age group. Peer victimization was found to exhibit and reveal correlations with later problems such as depressive disorders. This analysis found that during this middle-age development, peer victimization appeared to have long-term effects on children's mental health and lead to internalizing problems. A symptom of social withdrawal and anxiety, depression is one of many other things that have been researched for decades that accompany peer bullying. Whether physical or verbal abuse, studies have found considerable amounts of evidence. Harassment has become a more global phenomenon. it's not just verbal or physical, but I can also, thanks to the power of the Internet, we're seeing more and more of the effects of peer ridicule or cyberbullying.call it. Children of all ages have become victims in one form or another if they are internet inclined, they put their lives out there for everyone to see and are often judged and most children can be prone to this type of bullying , such as name-calling, body shaming, or simply any type of peer victimization. Most often parents have no idea about the bullying and strange behaviors can be redirected and most of the time the issues may never be addressed. Children may develop high anxiety or depressive behaviors. In the article "Social Intelligence Attenuates Association Between Peer Victimization and Depressive Symptoms Among Adolescents" for the American Psychological Association, Stephen J. Lepore states that it has been found that 16% of middle-aged children are at risk for victimization by their peers and it was found Through a study carried out in a middle school, in most cases, girls are exposed to ridicule for their physical appearance and boys are exposed to a more physical form of abuse. Any form of bullying has a negative connotation. This is why it is important to identify bullying as a social problem that occurs on a global scale, children and adolescents around the world are exposed in one way or another, so it is imminent to remain aware of the cause. To understand why children and adolescents bully, there are a number of reasons influenced by negative behavior. Bullies may feel the need to gain power over one or more individuals, often to gain complete control, such as when sports come into play. Having power and being the best involves protecting one's power and reputation. Such an attitude can therefore lead to the bullying of other people. peers. Another cause may be that the individual wishes to gain popularity and have a higher social status. Attempting to gain popularity may result in bullying such as spreading rumors, gossiping, or trying to ostracize others to make yourself feel better. Seeking revenge and wanting revenge on an individual can also be a cause of peer victimization. Often, these attackers seek revenge based onbased on their own experiences, they justify their actions by feeling the relief of causing harm to someone other than themselves. target individuals who may appear weaker than themselves. Another cause may be abuse within the abuser's own home, it models abuse toward others, homes with absent or abusive parents give abusers a sense of control they lack in their own lives, satisfaction to portray bullying to cover up their own deception and identity. -value. Taking pleasure in bullying someone out of boredom can fill the satisfaction of feeling entertained by bullying someone to make their life more attractive and exciting. Attention seeking, even if negative, can be fulfilled due to a lack of attention from caregivers or parents. Often, children who seek pleasure in bullying lack empathy, so making hurtful jokes does not exhaust them but may find them amusing. Prejudice towards individuals can also play a role, bullying individuals, because they are different in some way, individuals can, for example, be bullied for something as simple as wearing glasses, a food allergy or special needs. Victims may be ostracized based on their race, religion, sexual orientation and body image. Most often, bullying can be directly influenced by prejudice. Finally, peer pressure can have dramatic effects. Individuals wishing to belong to a particular group may participate in bullying even though it may go against morals or judgment. Often, individuals are more worried about their membership and access to the group than any concerns related to their participation. in intimidation actions. The feeling of being bullied or not accepted overrides some sort of guilt or attempts to stop the bullying towards someone other than themselves. Bullying itself must be addressed and any signs of aggressive or depressive behavior must never go away. Unnoticed, every child is unique and they should not be constantly afraid of social acceptance. As previously noted, depression and anxiety in middle-aged children have become more common due to the large number of children exposed to Internet intelligence. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, children are more likely to self-harm or consider suicide due to peer bullying or victimization. Middle-aged children experience it at a higher rate due to the amount of content displayed in social media and other forms of technology. It is important to address the importance of the topic when it comes to self-harm or suicide. Often, when such thoughts are presented by adolescents, the victim may usually feel hopeless and alone with no other way to deal with the situation, whether verbal, cyber, or physical. According to the CDC, teen suicide is the third leading cause of death in the United States each year, the numbers have increased significantly. Additionally, according to bullying statistics, "victims of bullying are between 2 to 9 times more likely to consider suicide than non-victims", it becomes unfortunate that bullying is becoming the leading factor in almost all deaths and suicide attempts. understand the dynamics that bullying can present in a family and how it can have emotional effects on families and parents when dealing with a child who is or has been a victim.