Music and mathematics are incredible art forms that have been a part of everyday life for centuries and continue to do so. It seems that most people would not consider mathematics to fall under the category of arts, because stereotypical thoughts about mathematics usually consist of numbers and equations. However, art is defined as the expression or application of human creativity and imagination. Mathematics is a skill that humans have developed over time and is an important factor incorporated into music. Although not literally seen or heard, mathematical aspects are present not only in physical sound but also in music theory. The human ear tends to favor consonant music. Consonance is a term used to define musical intervals, melodies or harmonies that sound pleasant, and it is both a physical and psychological attraction. According to the history of ancient Greece, these “consonants” relate to simple numerical relationships discovered during an experiment conducted by Pythagoras (Fauvel, p 15). In his experience, it is said that he listened to a blacksmith strike four hammers weighing twelve, nine, eight and six pounds. He listened to the twelve-pound hammer while simultaneously cycling through the other weights. From this observation, he was able to deduce the intervals: 12:6 = 2:1 12:8 = 3:2 12:9 = 4:3 The sound is produced by the vibrations of the air which, in this experiment, came from of the hammer. Vibration is a set of frequencies measured in units of Hertz (Hz). The faster the vibration frequency, the higher the sound will be. The Pythagorean 2:1 ratio simply means that the two tones are the same, but the frequency of the second tone is doubled. For example, the blacksmith's strike...... middle of paper...... how is the melody organized. In measures one and three there are four quarter notes. Since a fourth corresponds to a beat, measures one and three correspond to the time signature (1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 4). In measures two and four, there are two and one half quarter notes. Knowing that a half note equals two beats, measures two and four also correspond to the time signature (1 + 1 + 2 = 4). This shows how many mathematical concepts, including their most basic forms, are integrated into music. After examining the history of the development of music, it seems that without mathematics, music would not exist. The relationship between the two could even lead to improved educational opportunities. Students may be more intrigued by learning mathematics when compared to music or vice versa. With this strong combination, it is important to consider that mathematics is as much an art as music..