The functioning of the government in our country is so poor and the poor people do not get support and resources from the government so they start these movements. If the government launches a project that displaces people, it is not providing enough resources and replacements for the poor. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why Violent Video Games Should Not Be Banned”? Get the original essay PROBLEM ANALYSIS - In some movements the government lagged behind and in others private industrialists or businesses. Private industrialists give money and alcohol to the villagers to stop the movements. The government's laws are so bad and weak, that's why citizens have to make certain moves. MOVEMENTS –1. Chipko Movement – ​​In 1973, the chipko movement was started in the Rajasthan region and later spread to Uttrakhand. It was launched by Sunderlal Bhaguna and Chandini Prasad Bhatt. We saw that people protested against deforestation by hugging trees to prevent them from being cut down. The movement was started in the early 1970s by a group of women and many people came for their support across India. The problem began when the forest department did not grant villagers permission to fell ash trees to make tools. The ministry has authorized the manufacturing of sports products for commercial purposes. Greater questions of ecological and economic exploitation of the region were raised. The villagers demanded that no cutting of forests or trees be carried out by outside contractors and that local people have effective control over natural resources like land and water. The active participation of women was an important aspect of the movement. The contractors gave the men alcohol. Women took action against the supply of alcohol. Eventually, felling of trees in the Himalayan region was banned for 15 years.2. Party-based movements – Popular movements have taken the form of social movements or political movements. We also know that discussions on social and economic issues under British rule gave rise to independent social movements like the anti-caste movement, the kisan sabha and the trade union movement in the 20th century. These movements have raised questions related to some important social issues. The trade union movement was strong among industrial workers in major cities like Mumbai, Calcutta and Kanpur. All major political parties have created their own unions to encourage these sections of workers. Farmers in Telangana region of Andhra Pradesh staged massive protests under the leadership of communist parties and demanded redistribution of land to cultivators. The peasants and agricultural laborers of parts of Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal and Bihar, their movements were under the leadership of Naxalite leader Charu Munjabdar, known as Naxalites. Peasant and worker movements primarily focused on issues of economic injustice and inequality. These movements did not participate in the elections. But they had ties to political parties, as many participants in these movements were actively associated with these parties. These links ensured better representation of the demands of social sections in party politics.3. Nonpartisan Movements – During the 1970s and 1980s, many segments of society were not functioning well because of political parties. The main cause wasthe failure of the Janta experiment which led to instability and was its immediate cause. After independence, poverty and inequality became widespread. The benefits of economic growth have not been beneficial everywhere. There were problems between the industrial sector and the agricultural sector. Students and various other people and organizations came to form a volunteer organization. They believed that active student participation would be direct and more effective. These organizations were called non-partisan political groups.4. The Dalit Panther Movement after the demise of Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar belonged to the Dalit Panthers. The militant organization was established on May 29, 1972. Five years later, it was disbanded by a statement at a press conference held in Mumbai on March 7, 1977. An ideological schism among its leaders prompted Namdeo Dhasal to dismiss Raja Dhale and me by announcing it in newspapers published from Mumbai on September 30, 1974. This resulted in the dismissal of Dhasal at the first convention of the organization held in Nagpur on October 23-24, 1974. In June 1975, the then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi declared a state of emergency in India, imposing restrictions on newspapers and organizations. Thus, the period from May 1972 to June 1975 was the most crucial in the activities of the Dalit Panther movement.5. Bhartiya Kisan Union – The farmers' movement led by the Bhartiya Kisan Union (BKU) in western Uttar Pradesh (UP) is similar in many ways to the movements in Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Punjab. The BKU raised the same questions and pursued similar goals. Moreover, western UP, like other parts of the country, where farmers were mobilized by agitational politics, is a region where commercialization and capitalism were the first to penetrate agriculture. But the Upper Doab region of western UP presented specific economic, social and political conditions, which shaped the nature and character of the peasant movement in western UP. Uttar Pradesh (UP), with 16.44 percent of India's population, 1 sends the highest number of MPs (85), thus exercising a decisive role in government formation at the centre. Geography alone ensures its position as an agricultural heartland. UP comprises almost half of the Ganges plain, one of the most fertile stretches in the world. Economically, the state lags behind: 82.1 percent of the population lives in rural areas. With slow industrial development, the state mainly depends on agriculture. In agro-economic terms, UP can be divided into 5 regions: (i) Northern Hills, (ii) Western UP, (iii) Central UP, (iv) Bundelkhand and (v) l 'Eastern UP. The 19 districts of western UP constitute the most economically and agriculturally advanced region, followed by the central and eastern districts, the hill districts and finally Bundelkhand. The demands were: better prices for sugarcane and wheat; the abolition of restrictions on interstate movement of agricultural products; guarantee the supply of electricity6. Narmada Bachao Andolan – This protest, to express its views against a large number of contrasting dams near the Narmada River, brought together a large number of tribals, farmers, environmentalists and human rights activists . The movement involved high-profile celebrities and people went on hunger strikes to show their support for the cause. The decision is still pending, although the court initially ruled in favor of Andolan, thereby causing an immediate halt to work at the dam and ordering the affected states to first complete the process ofrehabilitation and replacement. Later, the court allowed construction to continue. The Supreme Court ordered the government to first carry out replacement of the villagers, as their livelihood would constitute a serious loss, and then only the construction of the Sardar Sarovar Dam would begin.7. Right to Information Movement – ​​The MKSS played a pioneering role in the passage of the Right to Information (RTI) Act in India. Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan (MKSS) is a grassroots organization that is part of India's growing non-party political process. In 1996, MKKS formed the National Council for the RTI People in Delhi to elevate the RTI to a national campaign. In 2002, a weak freedom of information law was passed but never came into force. In 2004, the RTI Bill was re-introduced, got the President's signature and saw the light of day. 8. National Fisheries Workers Forum – India, with its 6,000 km of coastline and countless rivers, lagoons, lakes, reservoirs and ponds, has one of the largest fishing populations in the world. The total population of fishermen is more than 7 million people, of which one third depends on maritime fishing and the remaining two thirds on fishing in various inland water bodies. Fishing communities are generally very poor. Although they had greater importance in antiquity, fishermen were relegated to low caste status during the medieval period. However, the community has always enjoyed a certain autonomy and dignity in the past. With the introduction of export-oriented mechanized offshore fishing and aquaculture, the threat to fishermen's livelihoods has forced fishing workers to organize and forge new connections . The growth of the All Goa Fish Workers' Union, the Kerala Independent Fish Workers' Federation and the Tamil Nadu Fish Workers' Union is the result of attacks on the livelihood of fish workers. Because fishing is a subject dealt with by state governments, most fishing worker organizations have been and still are at the state level. The National Fish Worker Forum is a pan-India organization that represents the interests of these local movements and unites them. The NFF has partnered with organizations around the world to protect the ecology and protect the lives of fishing workers. .8. Anti Arrack – Women have been at the forefront of movements against alcohol-related social ills. Women of Patad village in Uttar Pradesh have launched a movement against alcohol. Liquor shops located near bus stops, a temple and a mosque were deteriorating the social environment of the area. Women found it difficult to board buses, wash their clothes in the pond, and move freely around the village. With the support of a voluntary organization, Disha, the women of the village launched a three-month agitation, which finally forced the administration to order the closure of the liquor shop. In 1996, the Haryana government banned the sale and purchase of alcohol in Haryana. People in Andhra Pradesh struggled against the sale of arrack or local liquor, which was supported by a number of governments over time. The revenue generated from the production and sale of arrack in the state was too great for the governments to take steps to stop its production or sale. Many liquor sellers were closely linked to politicians and there was a strong connection between crime and politics. The anti-arak movement began in Nellore district in 1992 and soon spread to other parts of the state. THE.