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Essay / Individual Liberty and Bill 94 in Quebec, Canada
Regarding individual liberty, Locke believes that each individual is the judge of his own actions (Columbia Encyclopedia, 2002). All individuals have the right to be free and to decide how they want to live without state interference. (Columbia Encyclopedia, 2002). Muslim women have the right to freely cover their faces without restrictions or discrimination by state authority. Bill 94 would end individual choice for Muslim women and undermine their individual rights and freedoms. Locke believes that the pursuit of happiness comes from cooperation (Columbia Encyclopedia, 2002). He explains that individual happiness will eventually lead to societal happiness (Columbia Encyclopedia, 2012). The potential legislation of Bill 94 has already caused an outcry across Canada, from both Muslim and non-Muslim communities. The unhappiness of all these individuals will ultimately affect the stability and happiness of society as a whole. The limitations that Bill 94 would impose on individual liberties and the freedoms of Muslim women further support Locke's disagreement. 80% of the Canadian population and 95% of Quebecers support Bill 94. According to Jeremy Bentham's utilitarian principle, banning the niqab would be reasonable legislation. The core value of the utilitarian principle is to “maximize happiness and prevent pain and suffering” (Sandel, 2009, p. 34). He believes that the happiness of the majority outweighs the suffering of the minority. Bill 94 would please the majority of Canadians and would only destabilize the minority Muslim population. Theoretically the concept seems plausible, but when constructed in real-world situations it starts to break down. Stuart Mill's utilitarian approach provides...... middle of paper ......the Veil [video file]. Retrieved Conway, Kyle. (2012). “Bill 94 in Quebec: what is “reasonable”? What is “Hosting”? And what is the meaning of the Muslim veil? American Journal of Canadian Studies 47(2): 195-209. doi: 10.1080/02722011.2012.679150Columbia Encyclopedia. (2002). “John Locke – History and Philosophy” in Columbia Encyclopedia Online. Columbia University Press. Retrieve from Daily Motion. (May 19, 2010). Total veil ban in Canada [Video file]. Retrieved from http://www.dailymotion.com/video/xdd5mk_canada-full-veil-ban_newsHorton, John and Mendus, Susan (eds.) John Locke, A Letter Concerning Toleration in Focus. New York: Routledge, 1991. Sandel, M. J. (2009). Justice: What is the right thing to do? (pp. 58-74). New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.