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  • Essay / Questions and answers - Immunohematology - 936

    1. In the article, Henry (2009) states: “In the context of immunohematology testing, quality control systems should also be able to detect instrumental and human errors such as transcription, transposition and transmission.” Discuss the meaning of this statement to demonstrate your understanding of the types of errors. 10 points (half page) Routine immunohematology tests may appear reliable and simple, however, reagent failures and technical errors can and do occur in both manual and automated systems. Very dangerous errors such as transposition and transcription can be made. Transposition errors occur when personnel or instruments collect and use an incorrect sample or reagent or dispense samples or reagents into an incorrect testing position. Mixing test materials such as tubes can also cause very serious transposition errors. Transcription errors occur when reaction scores or interpretation of results are written or entered in an incorrect result position. Interpretation of results can also occur when a test is performed and the reactions are correct, but the staff member simply writes down an incorrect result. These errors are very dangerous because they may not be detected by routine repeated verification procedures and will not be detected by controls that only test reagent performance. Therefore, from the above statement, quality systems must be of high quality to sufficiently detect and prevent such errors.2. Discuss the problems inherent in creating quality control materials for immunohematology 10 points (half a page) The main problem in creating quality control materials for immunohematology is that the processed samples involve an integral part of the cell membrane for example. Antigen A or B of a red blood cell. Therefore, dilution is generally not an option because the analyte level is limited to its natural cellular expression and presentation.3. Imagine that you are responsible for a laboratory that performs ABO pooling on donors. Would you purchase Kodecytes as your quality control material of choice? Justify your answer. 30 points (one page) Application of KODE technology in QC system products converts human group O red blood cells into Aweakbweak cells, providing the world's first accurate and reliable ABO blood trial sensitivity test . The technology is used to create cells with reproducible and precisely controlled low expressions of A and B antigens to mimic the reactions of weka A and B cells like Ax and Bx cells, thereby eliminating the variations seen in red blood cells. Natural low ABOs. The technology also enables engineering of AweakBweak group samples that provide low reactions in properly functioning blood grouping systems..