The growth of single crystals and their characterization for device fabrication has gained great momentum due to their important applications in the fields of semiconductors, semiconductor lasers -conductors, nonlinear optics, piezoelectrics, photosensitive materials and thin crystalline layers for the microelectronics and IT industries. In particular, nonlinear optics plays a major role in the emerging fields of laser technology, optical communication, data storage technology, photonics and optoelectronics. Nonlinear optical materials are therefore important for future photonic technologies because photons are capable of processing information at the speed of light. Therefore, the growth of new promising nonlinear optical materials receives great attention and finds its application in various fields of optical disk data storage and laser remote sensing. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why Violent Video Games Should Not Be Banned”? Get the original essay Many organic and inorganic nonlinear optical materials have been reported in the literature with good optical and mechanical properties. Compared with these crystals, nonlinear semi-organic optical crystals possess the advantage of organic and inorganic materials. They have a high damage threshold, a wide transparency range, an excellent nonlinear optical coefficient and superior mechanical properties. Organic and inorganic guanidinium compounds play a vital role in the field of nonlinear optical crystal growth. The guanidinum ion [C(NH2)3]+ is an important functional group present in the amino acid and also the basic constituent of many biologically active molecules. Various derivatives of the guanidinium ion are used in formulations of explosives and rocket repellents. Guanidinium is a strong base that reacts with most organic acids, resulting in the formation of guanidinium species. The three-fold symmetry of the guanidinium ion with six equivalent hydrogen atoms provides excellent conditions for hydrogen bonding and this property has made guanidinium compounds potential materials in the field of nonlinear optical crystal growth and their applications . The crystal structure, vibrational spectroscopic studies, and ferroelectric properties of some metal guanidinum sulfates have been reported in the literature. Many guanidinuim-based nonlinear optical crystals have been grown and reported in our laboratory. In this paper, we discuss the growth and characterization studies of the semi-organic compound guanidinium sulfate tris-cadmium octahydrate [GuCdS].Synthesis and crystal growthGuanidinium sulfate octahydrate compounds and cadmium octahydrate were synthesized using of AR grade reagents, guanidinium carbonate, concentrated sulfuric acid and cadmium sulfate octahydrate. and were taken in an equimolar stoichiometric ratio for the synthesis of the title compound. Distilled water was used as solvent and crystallization was carried out at room temperature. The solution was stirred well using a magnetic stirrer for six hours to ensure homogenous concentration and it was filtered using Whatmann filter paper and kept for slow evaporation of the solvent in a dust-free atmosphere. The pH value of the solution was found to be 1. After a few days, the compound GuCdS was found to crystallize at the bottom of the beaker. The following equation explains the diagram ofsynthesis.[C (NH2)3]2CO3 + H2SO4 → [C (NH2)3]2 SO4+H2O+CO2 ↑[C (NH2)3]2 SO4 + 3CdSO4 8 H2O → [3Cd {C(NH2)3} 2] (SO4)2. 8H2OThe purity of the synthesized compound was further improved by repeated recrystallizations with the same solvent and was used for bulk crystal growth. A 100 mL saturated aqueous solution of GuCdS was prepared from the recrystallized salt, guanidinium cadmium sulfate, and allowed to evaporate in a dust-free atmosphere. After a period of thirteen days, transparent and defect-free single crystals of1. Powder X-ray diffraction analysis The powder X-ray diffraction method is a decisive method for qualitative phase analysis. The powder pattern of a crystal is also important in determining the crystallinity and phase purity of the crystal grown. Powder X-ray diffraction analysis of the grown crystal was recorded using a RICH SIEFERT powder X-ray diffractometer with Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.5406 Å). The grown crystals were ground using an agate mortar and pestle and subjected to powder X-ray diffraction analysis. The sample was scanned in the range 10º-70º in steps of 0.04º. The X-ray powder diffraction spectrum of the grown crystal is shown in Figure 2. The intense and sharp peaks of the diffractogram indicate the good crystalline perfection of the grown crystals. The two theta values ​​obtained from the X-ray analyzes of the powder were used to index the powder pattern. Peak indexing and evaluation of lattice cell parameters were carried out using Powder It turned out to be Pī which is a centrosymmetric crystal. The cell parameters obtained from the crystal are a = 6.444 Å, b = 6.456 Å, c = 10.020 Å, α = 90.16˚, β = 97.035˚ and γ = 110˚. FTIR Spectral Analysis In order to identify various functional groups present in After growing the guanidinium cadmium sulfate crystal, FTIR spectral analysis was carried out. The FTIR spectrum of the powder sample was recorded using the Perkin Elmer Spectrum-1 in the range of 4000–450 cm-1. The allocation of the spectral bands was carried out based on the fundamental modes of vibration of the guanidinium ion [C(NH2)3]+, sulfate ion (SO42-) and water molecules [7]. The recorded FTIR spectrum of guanidinium cadmium sulfate is shown in Fig. 3. Vibrations of Guanidinuim Ions The assignment of vibration modes in the guanidinium ion can be done in terms of the CN3 and NH2 groups. In the IR spectrum of the GuCdS compound, a strong and sharp band at 1624 cm-1 is due to the asymmetric stretching vibrations of the CN3 group. Vibrations of the sulfate group The sulfate group (SO42-) in its free ion state exhibits four fundamental modes of vibration. The modes are the non-degenerate symmetric stretching mode (ν1), the doubly degenerate symmetric bending mode (ν2), the triply degenerate asymmetric stretching mode (ν3), and the triply degenerate asymmetric bending mode (ν4) with wavenumbers 981 cm-1. , 451 cm-1, 1108 cm-1 and 613 cm-1 respectively. Among the four different vibration modes, only (ν3) and (ν4) are IR active. The triple degenerate asymmetric stretching mode (ν3) of the sulfate ion has a strong band at 1117 cm-1 and the triple degenerate asymmetric bending mode (ν4) appears at 619 cm-1 in the FTIR spectrum.3.2.3 Vibrations of the water moleculeA water molecule generally has three fundamental modes of vibration: (ν1) at 3652 cm-1, (ν2) at 1595 cm-1 and (ν3) at 3756 cm-1. The IR spectrum of the GuCdS compound contains strong bands at 3451 and 3523 cm-1 which are attributed to the ν1 and ν3 vibrational modes of the water molecule. THE 80.