Communism has impacted the countries of Russia and China in strikingly similar and different ways, for better or worse. During the period from 1900 to 1945, communism in China and Russia developed in both different and similar ways depending on the audiences they addressed, the programs they sponsored, how they incorporated nationalism into these programs, how effectively they resisted it, and how they opposed it. communist rules were structured. They both appealed to the peasantry, sponsored programs that called for equal opportunities for the people, and met with ineffective resistance, but the Chinese changed their programs, due to the difference in politics, geographical location and social problems. The audience they addressed was similar, as they both addressed the peasantry due to difficult times. They both rose to power because the country wanted to end the war, but the opposing political party was not meeting those needs. Nationalism was an important characteristic of both countries, as China needed nationalism to fight the Japanese, while Russia needed nationalism to withdraw from the war. The programs they sponsored were essentially similar in many ways, although they were not a perfect match due to China's geological, social, and political differences. Communism affected both countries in different ways. The communist programs of Russia and China both appealed to a wide range of audiences, but they focused primarily on the working class, also known as the proletarian class. First, the Chinese worked to create a conscious working class, making sure they understood how far down the social ladder they were so that discontent could form, fueling revolution ("Communism in China", 3...... middle of paper ......1 (1949): 1-13. Harper, Samuel N. "The Soviet Five-Year Plan." 83-96. Harrison, James P. “The Li Li-san Line and the CCP in 1930” The China Quarterly 24 (1965): 140-94. : 711-24. Mark, Max. “Chinese Communism.” The Journal of Politics 13.2 (1951): 232-52. “Memorandum on Communism in China – Memorandum (Pacific Relations Institute) 1.8. (1932): 1-4. Print. Rostow, WW “Russia and China under Communism”. World Politics 7.04 (1955): 513-31. Print.Strayer, Robert W. Ways of the World: A Brief World History. Boston, MA: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2009. Print. Turin, SP “The second five-year plan”. The Slavic and East European Review 11.31 (1932): 58-64. Print.