Table of contentsIntroductionThe English and French monarchies at the time of the warThe economic situation of the two countriesThe main phases of the Hundred Years' WarThe first phase of the war (1337-60) The Second Phase of the WarThe Third Phase of the WarThe Fourth Phase of the WarThe End of the WarConclusionReferencesIntroductionThe Hundred Years' War developed into a protracted conflict between England and France for succession to the French throne. It became more effectively known as the "116 Years' War" because it lasted from 1337 to 1453. The war began with a streak of stunning British victories and English soldiers manipulated France for decades. According to legend, the Hundred Years' War began on May 25, 1337, when the French king Philip VI confiscated the Duchy of Guyenne from the English. This seizure, on the other hand, was preceded by ongoing conflicts over English strongholds in France dating back to the 12th century. This essay aims to account for the different aspects of the Hundred Years' War. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on 'Why violent video games should not be banned'?Get the original essayThe English and French Monarchies at the Time of WarThe English monarchy was weakened for a prolonged period and the French had the upper hand. Although each king was secure in their positions, their methods of succession – Philip's through the desire of a magnate and Edward's through his father's dismissal – had certain flaws. The Way assembled an army in late July 1328. As Curry (2003) states, Philip led his forces to a cavalry-based victory against the Flemings on August 24, and Louis was restored. However, Flanders' difficulties continued when Louis was driven out again in 1339, allowing Edward to form an alliance with the Flemish townspeople. The conflict may have arisen due to problems generated by the English king's possession of estates in France. The French had already tested their confidence. However, the English had not succeeded in seizing their territory without a battle. When Robert I died on June 7, 1329, his five-year-old son David II ascended to the kingdom. Edward Balliol, John's son proclaimed king in 1291, risked his arm in an invasion of Scotland in 1332 (Beauregard, et al. 2018). Edward III may also have given his approval in secret. Balliol's victory at Dupplin Moor on 12 August 1332 and his coronation on 25 September brought Edward to his aid. Military organizations and weapons are linked to both nations. In France, the monarch used his feudal privileges to force the aristocracy to serve and summon the population through the backbenches. In reality, the latter was frequently used to acquire funds instead of providing a service (Curry, 2003). These rights were much less explicit in England, but the monarch had to rely on the aristocracy and county levies for military assistance. All troops in each kingdom were paid, a machine that began in the reigns of Edward I and Philip IV. Because they had to send troops across water, the English were at a disadvantage. This mission was greatly facilitated in their possessions in southwest France thanks to the deployment of Gascons for their defense, aided by the remarkably large variety of minor nobles in the region (Caudrey, 2019). This method could increase between 5,000 men. They were grateful for the opportunity to serve for money and in defense of their homeland. An English monarch is better than a king of France who is closer. Furthermore, mainly within thewine exchange, commercial links brought together Anglo-Gascon pastimes. The defections to the French were an opportunity. The counts of Foix, d'Albret and d'Armagnac, for example, were explicitly tenants and essential neighbors of the king-duke. Gunpowder weapons were rare and primitive at the start of the war (Cusack, 2019). As the illumination aid illustrates, they existed and had been employed at Sluys and other battles. Yet they did not come into use in large numbers until the end of the century, when wrought iron and cast iron parts became available. The economic situation of the two countries The French monarch had the advantage of financing his forces, usually from his estates, which generated 28 tons of money every 12 months. By the time of Philip IV, the idea of ​​the king's force imposing a defense tax without consulting any legislature had arisen, based entirely on the fact that men and women were paying to be exempt from military responsibility . Although there have been various exemptions, that of the aristocracy is no longer the least (Fulton, 2018). The English monarch depended on taxes to supplement his land revenue, which amounted to only 6 tons of natural silver each year. Taxes on personal property had begun in earnest under King Edward I and ended almost annually under Edward II, although they required Commons approval. This was no longer necessarily a disadvantage because it allowed the king to announce his plans and rally the population behind him. The crown had to recruit more widely because the English aristocracy was inferior to that of France. King Edward III, like his predecessor, relied heavily on loans.Main phases of the Hundred Years' WarThe first phase of the war (1337-60)Philippe was suspected of having organized a naval invasion of England from Normandy in 1339. When it arrived in May, the attack was shorter than expected. However, this proved enough to invade the beaches of Devon, Sussex and Kent. In July, the English gathered enough ships to oppose a planned assault at the Cinque Ports. England's role might have been considerably more difficult without a rebellion by Philip's Genoese sailors. With a pressure of 10,000 to 15,000 men, Edward and his supporters marched towards Cambrésis, where he had jurisdiction due to his imperial vicariate (van den Broek, 2020). They entered France on October 9, Saint-Denis Day, probably not voluntarily. They carried small items, signaling that they expected Philip to be drawn into battle immediately. The campaign of 1340 immediately became more important, linked to Edward's declaration of the throne. In the summer of 1345, Edward broke the ceasefire, reinforced by the adoration not of the best Jean de Montfort, who had fled France, but also of Godfrey de Harcourt, a renegade Norman nobleman. Armies were to be sent to Brittany, Gascony and northern France under the command of Henri de Grosmont. The Second Phase of the War Although England and France were legally at peace in the 1360s, infantrymen from both countries were engaged in various formal activities. and router operations. Civil battle raged in Brittany until the English and Breton forces of Sir John Chandos defeated and assassinated Charles de Blois at Auray on 28 September 1364. The French civil struggle against Charles of Navarre continued until 15 May 1363 , while du Guesclin won at Cocherel. (Curry, 2003). The French captured Abbeville, the capital of Ponthieu, in April. In February, the English sent 350 men there, but they were insufficient to preserve the territory. InDue to the fall of Ponthieu, other forces intended for Gascony were redirected to Calais in May, and a new commander was chosen with 800 men, Gaunt's son, the Earl of Hereford. Between 1369 and 1380, the English army's attempt, essential to this period, was extraordinarily large and costly, with almost 30,000 soldiers mobilized for the expeditionary force. The third phase of the war At the request of Henry, Prince of Wales, a navy of 800 men and 3,000 archers led by the Earl of Arundel were sent to Burgundy in October 1412. In addition to the opportunities offered due to internal differences within France, these precedents did not really push Henry V to adopt an intransigent approach towards France (Curry, 2003). Its robust diplomatic position was highlighted by a massive naval attempt in 1415 to organize an excursion. In 1418, Henry turned for help with a force of at least 12,000 squadrons, with larger reinforcements arriving in the following years. The renovation of military subjects and close ties with the civilian population received particular attention. The Fourth Phase of the War Between 1430 and 1431, the English flocked nearly 7,000 men to Paris, mainly because Charles had lost his courage. As a result, the English were able to avoid further losses. After long sieges, Louviers was reconquered, reuniting England with most of the inhabitants of Normandy. After her trial in Rouen, Joan was arrested and expelled from the scene in May 1431 (Curry, 2003). In December 1431, the young King Henry VI was able to travel to Paris as relative protection for his coronation. The English and French agreed to a ceasefire on May 28, 1444, the first shot since 1415. As a result, between these dates they experienced the longest period of non-stop fighting of the entire war. Hundred Years. end of the warThe climax of the Hundred Years' War marked the end of a conflict that had lasted several generations. By the mid-15th century, war had taken its toll on both England and France, leading to war weariness and a growing desire for peace. The final phase of the war was marked by a series of diplomatic efforts and negotiations that gradually paved the way for its conclusion. One of the key turning points was the Treaty of Arras in 1435, which saw Burgundy, a major player in the war, change countries. sides to align with France. This shift in alliances signaled a shift in the balance of power and weakened England's position. The treaty marked the beginning of a process that would lead to the eventual end of hostilities. In 1444, a significant development occurred with the signing of the Truce of Tours. The truce marked the first prolonged period of peace in the conflict, which lasted nearly a decade. It was a respite that allowed both nations to reassess their positions, rebuild their economies, and care for their war-weary populations. The truce also opened the way for more comprehensive negotiations aimed at a lasting resolution. The turning point that ultimately ended the war came with the signing of the Treaty of Picquigny in 1475. This treaty, negotiated between King Louis XI of France and King Edward IV of England, was a historic moment that effectively ended end to hostilities. An important aspect of the treaty was the payment of a large sum of money by the English to the French, in exchange for which the French agreed to permanently cease their support of rebellious English subjects. The Treaty of Picquigny marked the practical end of the Hundred Years' War, although it was not formally recognized as such. Over time, the importance of warfare diminished and dynastic issues and.