Table of ContentsIntroduction to InnovationExploring adoption categoriesEarlyLateEvaluating their designExAnte evaluation methodAssessing original entrepreneurship and start-up potentialEvaluating their application of business analyticsConclusionIntroduction to innovation Disruptive innovation, a term of art coined by Clayton Christensen, describes a process by which a product or service initially takes root in simple applications at the bottom of a market, then relentlessly advances through the market, eventually supplanting established competitors (Christensen, C, 2018). The smartphone is a disruptive technology that is experiencing increasing growth and is rapidly affecting consumer behavior, education, shopping and primarily the mobile industry. The growth of smartphone technology is crucial in the field of information technology. Say no to plagiarism. Get a Tailored Essay on “Why Violent Video Games Should Not Be Banned”?Get Original EssayApple Iphone was the first widely accepted smartphone innovation allowing people to interact not only with a touch screen, but with the real world on the other side. The conceptualized idea of ​​smartphones changed in 2007 with the announcement of the first Iphone. Not just because the innovation itself was implausible; Apple realized that reinventing mobile technology was much more about the hardware, and more about how the public understood what was going on inside. It's all about how the audience interacted with it and felt it. Nearly 11 years later, smartphones began to test the limits of interfaces. Apple is working to make the iPhone a compact device rather than a collection of disparate apps, and is trying to make Siri the single digital assistant the public wants. Apple managed to create an entirely new industry within an industry, called the smartphone, which marked a seismic shift in customer expectations when it comes to communications. This brand made it possible for customers to access the Internet anywhere, anytime for the first time. The effect of this technology on existing major competitors was colossal and insurmountable for a few. From the very beginning, iPhone had a powerful and silent weapon in its inventory - the Apple brand. Apple was already an established and well-known name in the world of technology. , cultivated mainly by the enormous success of the iMac and the iPod. The distinct and incredible desirability of the brand was already known. Even before the Iphone entered the market, consumers had the idea that it would be distinct and early adopters around the world accepted it. Although the brand is not an established brand in the mobile industry like Nokia and Motorola, the challenge factor was to develop salience while maintaining perceptions of difference, in order to push demand. Even before the iPhone launched, consumers knew it would be different, and the experience of early adopters around the world confirmed that. However, the brand was not well known compared to competitors such as Nokia and Motorola. The brand's challenge for the iPhone was to strengthen its awareness while maintaining the perception of difference, in order to stimulate demand. While this distinct departure was a major advantage, over the past eleven years the brand has grown to become a clear leader in delivering on its promise of a perception-changing, even life-changing experience for consumers. By conquering its competitors and disrupting their existing status in the market, Apple took its brand to the next level and went from being a “brand"specialized" to that of iconic brand that stands out significantly based on key aspects such as Thoughtful, Distinct and Prominent.Exploring Adoption CategoriesInnovators - Innovators are the primary group of individuals who pursue an innovation. Here, regardless of the product risk, they willingly adopt innovation. This group of people has great financial clarity and has good interactions with other innovators who also act as influencers. Risk tolerance allows them to pursue new technologies that may or may not fail. The characteristics that influence this category of adopters to adopt a specific innovation are: Relative advantage - Relative advantage is basically the advantage of the innovation over existing traditional methods, such as the relative advantage of the smartphone. Compared to basic mobile devices, there is Internet access anywhere and everywhere. Therefore, innovators, even if they find a small percentage of relative advantage, would be willing to adopt the innovation because they have high financial clarity to absorb the effects of risk. Trialability – Trialability defines the ease with which an innovation like the smartphone can be tried and explored through options such as “trial in store” before committing to full adoption. Innovators are eager to explore anything new, so when a new technology comes along, they readily try it. Compatibility – Innovators are always looking for new and effective technologies that can replace traditional methods or products. Therefore, innovators take risks to determine whether the particular innovation is compatible with their life or lifestyle, so that adoption occurs smoothly. Early Adopters – Early adopters are the second group of younger individuals to adopt an innovation, and they have the highest level. of opinion compared to other categories of adopters. They are distinct in the choice of adoption and make a thoughtful choice of adoption because it will help this category create a central position of communication Rogers 1962 5th ed., p. 283).The characteristics that influence this category of adopters to adopt a specific innovation are: Relative advantage - Early adopters look at the advantages of the new innovation such as ease of availability, cost, security and ease of use of innovations like the smartphone compared to traditional mobile devices. Observability – Early adopters are influenced by a technology through observation and comparison of the technology to existing traditional technologies. For example, early adopters tend to observe smartphone benefits like ease of communication, payments, music streaming, etc. Compatibility – Early adopters tend to adopt effective technological innovations that fit their social lives without having to make major changes. Because users are motivated by a product's potential to ensure their success, if they find an effective technology that can integrate with it without major lifestyle changes, they will quickly adopt it.EarlyMajority - The Early Majority falls under the tertiary category where they only adopt a new product. innovation or technology after a variable duration. Their adoption time is comparatively longer for innovators and early adopters. The early majority approaches innovation adoption at a slower pace, occupies above-average social status, communicates with early adopters, and often holds thought leadership positionsin a system (Rogers 1962, 5th ed., p. 283). Testability – The first majority adopts an innovation in a system. a slower pace than that of innovators and early adopters. They need to be convinced by the technology, which is why they strongly support trying the new technology, and only if the performance is satisfactory do they adopt it. Observability – The early majority constitutes the majority of the younger generation, who would rely on observing notable benefits and remarkable features. this would push them to adopt innovation. Compatibility – Innovation is only widely accepted when it can be effortlessly adopted into a person’s life. The first majority needs to know that the innovation is compatible and does not require additional costs or products to use. Apple's iPad was also a hit with the early majority due to its effectiveness in replacing laptop computers.LateMajority - The late majority is the category that will pursue an innovation only after a majority of individuals in society adopted it. This category includes and pursues an innovation with great skepticism and only after a large portion of the population has adopted it. The late majority has less financial lucidity as well as opinion leadership. Relative advantage - The late majority is partly resistant to changes and new technologies. They must be truly convinced of the effectiveness and relative advantage of a technology or product to accept and adopt anything new. Compatibility – Since the late majority belongs to the stubborn and change-resilient group, they adopt innovations that are beneficial and can easily become part of it. of their way of life, otherwise the group tends to view it as a disadvantage and will ultimately lead to failure. Complexity – If an innovation is difficult to adopt or understand, then the late majority will resist adoption. More simplicity or little complexity would allow the late majority to pursue an innovation. Laggards – Laggards are the last group of individuals to pursue an innovation. Unlike other adopters, these people demonstrate little or no thought leadership. They belong to the group of society that is advanced in age and therefore shows an aversion to anything new because they are accustomed to traditional methods. They tend to have the lowest financial acumen as well as little or no thought leadership. Complexity – Laggards are inherently lazy or adamant about adopting innovation, so if a technology is too complex to manage, it will never be adopted by laggards. Given that laggards are predominantly older consumers, ease of use of the technology or innovation is an important driver of adoption. Compatibility – Laggards are resistant to change, so they prefer innovations that are compatible with their lifestyle and do not require a huge seismic shift in lifestyle. Innovations that are highly compatible and seamlessly address gaps in traditional technology would be preferred. Relative advantage - Laggards are the group who are stubborn in accepting changes and need to see adequate advantages and benefits to convince them to abandon existing technology in favor of innovation. Relative advantage is therefore a crucial factor for latecomers.2. Retrospective analysis of the selected innovationEvaluation of their designEvaluation methodExAnteMini-workshops – Brainstorming sessions can be used during which participants can be broughtto share their possible encounters with existing traditional technology and how they would like it to be improved so that it is compatible with their lifestyle. and is efficient enough.Performance measurement - Complete device features and applications can be compared and their resource usage such as performance, efficiency, speed, pixelation, etc. can be measured using available development and testing tools. Device Requirements – At the start of development, a list of critical and crucial requirements is established. When the device comes to the testing phase, the parallel processing of different applications and functionalities within the device must be tested to take into account the need for very strict requirements. Medium Fidelity Prototype – Mock-ups of the device, initially developed from paper prototypes down to minimum viable hardware. can be developed quickly and with less effort. These partially modeled prototypes provide a space for evaluation and redesign. These medium fidelity achievements enable the integration of user and stakeholder feedback into optimized solutions. Ex post evaluation method In-store demonstration feedback - The functionality and operation of the device can be demonstrated to customers upon entering the store and valuable feedback or comments can be collected so that interaction and User experience aspect of the device can be constantly improved with each update. Formative testing - Conducting usability tests with a small group of participants focusing mainly on the qualitative aspect as well as the performance criteria of the device. It also helps in understanding the customer's interaction with the device. Guerrilla Observations – For first-hand information and reliable field data on clients, guerrilla observations can be implemented. In guerrilla observations, the interactions and responses of a specific group of users to devices are observed under conditions defined by the company, if applicable. Heuristic Evaluation - Heuristic evaluation can be carried out by a combination of experts and first-hand experts where different aspects of the device like visibility of device status, mapping of the device and the real world, user control and freedom, error prevention, etc. can be evaluated and the collected data can be used for future improvements and redesign. Assessment of original entrepreneurship and startup potential Analyze market trends and collect customer feedback on the device – Market trends help innovators to study and understand what would be the approach to consumers in the days to come and to come. After careful market analysis, customer requirements and expectations can be set for future considerations. Market trends help us understand how customers respond to innovation and by providing a platform for customers to provide feedback on existing device features as well as what can be added or improved to the 'future. Entrepreneurs must rely on customer feedback to innovate and improve. Satisfaction surveys can be emailed to customers as soon as they make a purchase to record the customer's satisfaction level while the transaction is still ongoing in the consumer's mind. So when market trends and customer feedback are closely monitored, future development.