Table of ContentsMatingOestrusParent Human Behavior and Wolf BehaviorThe concept of animal behavior is considered to refer to anything relating to the actions of animals. These include movement and other activities underlying mental processes. The origins of the scientific study of animal behavior lie in the works and explorations of European thinkers of the 17th and 19th centuries. British naturalists; John Ray, Charles Darwin, and French naturalist Charles LeRoy "appreciated the complexity and apparent determination of animal actions," knowing well that understanding behavior required long-term observation of animals in their natural environments (Sherman, n.d.) . These biologists recognized that animal behaviors are due to adaptations that exist. Factors related to animal behavior may include communication and social life, learning, cognition and memory, and mating and parenting. These factors are classified as innate or learned. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why violent video games should not be banned”?Get an original essayA truly exceptional animal; The wolf is one of two species of wild dog-like carnivores. The gray wolf (Canis lupus) is also one of the most adaptable land mammals, the most frequently recognized wolf or wolf species. It is the largest member of the non-domestic dog family (Canidae) living in the northern hemisphere in large fields of vegetation. The wolf is a highly systematic social structure revolving around a dominant male and a dominant female. In this extended research task, he focuses on the topic of mating and parenting by the animal species; the wolves. He will later explore and discover how human and wolf behaviors are similar. Mating As humans, it is easy to get lost in the way we live, especially in terms of social relationships. Although many people may have numerous romantic relationships over the course of their lives, there is a strong tendency to establish a single, monogamous relationship. This is because society as a whole is surrounded by moral systems, laws and societal norms. But beings are only one species of animal and not all can behave in the same way. A mating system was therefore constructed to describe how an animal community is structured by sexual reproduction and bonding behaviors. There are four main mating systems: monogamy, polyandry, polygyny, and polygynandry. As with humans, the mating system of wolves is monogamy, meaning two animals mate. Due to the existence of a structural mating system, the type of animal behavior in the wolf is innate; which means it was inherited. Other systems generally involve reproduction with different partners. For example, female gray mouse lemurs benefit from the rare system of polyandry; female mating with several males (Welsh, 2011). The estrous cycle is the primary reproductive cycle of other female non-primate vertebrate species. For polyestrous animals, seasonal polyestrous animals, and monstrous creatures, there are different types of this process. Monstrous humans are animals with an annual estrous cycle. Wolves are separated from monstrous creatures in this situation. There are three main phases in the estrus cycle; the first stage is the proestrus phase where theAlpha couple prepares before estrus. Followed by the first stage is estrus, which is the period when the couple mates. Finally, there is the gestation period where meestrus and diestrus occur. Anoestrus is not a stage of the cycle however, it is a prolonged period of sexual rest and the reproductive system is inactive and recovering. Wolves begin to breed between two and three years of age; from then on, they are said to mate for life. Wolf reproductive bonds easily rival or exceed typical human mating bonds in their courtship and reproductive strength. In wolves, sexual activity indicates the intensity of courtship behavior. It ultimately emphasizes emotional bonds and shows how sexual activity is not unique to sexual activity. Due to their high levels of courtship and bonding before estrus, levels continue to remain high all year round. Their reproductive cycle can begin as early as November or December of the previous year; where alpha couples build their courtship. Hormone levels in both sexes begin to increase during this time, to prepare for mating season when the alpha female is in estrus. This phase preceding estrus is called proestrus. It begins with the appearance of bloody discharge from the vulva. Once discharge begins to appear, the female actively rubs her body, paw and chin resting on her mate, also known as the alpha male of the pack. She will then place herself in front of the male presenting his hindquarters to sniff. Alpha males are always in close proximity to their alpha female, however, to ensure that no other pack member or other alpha male "takes" his alpha female, the male will smell her and put his urine all over her. She. During courtship or in the general Proestrus stage, the alpha pair will stay away from other packs or members of their own pack to avoid any interruption during this preparation. In the animal species, the wolf, alpha couples will always go together because it is almost systematic. Therefore, the phrase “Males are promiscuous and females are shy” is a false statement regarding wolves. Both sexes are equal in promiscuity, and neither is shyness. As previously stated, the alpha pair is a highly sexual animal species. The only reason behind these hypotheses is the differences in size and presumed energy cost of producing sperm versus eggs (Tang-Martinez, 2017). EstrusAt this stage, this will take place between January and April; where the copulation phase occurs and the female is fertile; commonly called Estrus. A sign to distinctly announce her change in behavior from being in proestrus to being in estrus is that the female will “represent” the male with the tail turned away. If this is not visible, the female will paw, rub, ride or climb on the male. Successful mating includes multiple rapid pelvic thrusts by the male to develop ejaculation before attaching to the female. This tie can last up to 30 minutes or more. During the tie, the male and female remain standing or lying back to back, the male dismounted by raising one leg over the female's back. The total number of copulations depending on the mating outcome can vary considerably between different couples. The “stage of pregnancy” can also be commonly referred to as the gestation period. The gestation period for wolves lasts between 60 and 63 days. During the gestation period, meestrus and diestrus occur. Metestrus lasts approximately 4 to 6 days. This characterizes the activity of the corpus luteum, which produces progesterone. The levels ofProgesterone products are elevated and continue to remain elevated throughout pregnancy and even if pregnancy does not occur. Then diestrus occurs, which is when the wolf is sexually inactive between recurring periods of estrus. Towards the end of April and mid-May, the young are born and go through 4 major periods of development: Neonatal stage, Transition stage, Socialization stage and Juvenile stage. After two or more years in the pack, many wolves may move on in search of a mate, discover new territory, or even form their own pack. Those who remain in their original pack could eventually replace a parent to become an alpha.ParentingIn recognition, gray wolves are excessively social creatures that live in packs. In fact, it is one of the most socially active animals there is. Each member of the pack is responsible for helping care for and raise the cubs. The pack includes: the alpha pair, the previous year's offspring, and several adult wolves that may or may not be related to the alpha breeding pair. This pack, as in many families, will bring together and provide resources to support a successful newborn development process. During GestationDuring this period, if not already established, the den or "home" of their young will be chosen and dug by both females and males. They can also be helped by other members of their pack. Their den location is a natural hole or burrow usually near water or sandy areas. Water near their den allows the female to have a large water reserve because it is essential to her while she produces milk for her young. The sandy buffs are the most favorable sites for the family because they finance the bases of the trees; allowing it to protect the roof from collapsing and the entrance to the site from being excavated. If none of these are available, caves, crevices, or holes under trees are also commonly used. This den allows the females of the pack to stay with their young during the first weeks to take care of them; because they are completely helpless at birth. This also ensures that their own pack marks territory; in addition, it prevents any intrusion from another neighbor or more generally from any pack and any predator. For the first 45 days, the alpha female, the “mother,” will nurse the young. She will provide them with regurgitated food to eventually learn to eat meat. Pack members will bring food to the alpha so she can focus on her pups without having to leave them alone to hunt. Other members may also regurgitate food for the pups to maintain social order and maintain the bonding process within the pack. To eat, the cubs jump on the faces of adult wolves and bite their snouts to encourage regurgitation. The main component of the diet of a developed adult wolf is meat from various animals. This includes elk, deer, caribou, moose, beaver and rabbit. At around five weeks of age, the mother weans her young so that they can begin to eat meat on their own without regurgitation. After weaning, the alpha female will carry her young off the ground or to "date" sites for the young to play together and learn to hunt insects and small rodents. At the age of 4 months, once their teeth have developed, the cubs will begin to hunt with the adult wolves. The alpha female will continue to bring her young on regular hunting trips with the adults. By the time the puppies are six months old, they will be able to move about 2 to 3..