Enormous advances have been made in biomedical research since the 19th century. Many of these are due to the millions of animals used in often very painful and stressful scientific procedures. The ethics of animal testing is undoubtedly one of the most important scientific issues facing the world today. There are a number of reasons why we choose to use animals in our research. First of all, human testing is incredibly dangerous and unethical. Additionally, we know a lot about the physiology, genotype and behavior of animals (e.g. rodents). Animals such as rodents are also easy to raise, handle and can be kept together in large groups. Model animals (e.g. mice, rats, etc.) are therefore preferred over humans for testing the effects of drugs. There are three main principles to consider before testing on animals for research purposes. These are known as the “Three Rs”: Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why Violent Video Games Should Not Be Banned”? Get the original try Replacement – ​​try using a completely different method without using animals. Reduction – use as few animals as possible. The most commonly used method for calculating the optimal sample size is called power analysis. Refinement – ​​reduce as much pain/stress as possible that the animals will be forced to experience. It is, however, interesting to note that the number of animals used in testing has increased even more sharply in recent years, although our attention has been drawn to these new principles in an effort to reduce the number of animals used in experiments. . This raised important ethical and scientific questions. Additionally, while the “Three Rs” provide us with powerful concepts, they fail to account for the significant advances we have made in our knowledge of the emotional and cognitive capacity of animals used in testing. We now have a new appreciation for the harm we cause through animal research. We also have a changing cultural perspective on the position of animals in the modern world. This greater understanding we have gained encourages people to take a closer look at the use of animals in testing in modern society. There are a worrying number of potential causes of harm to animals from testing. These include invasive procedures, disease, and withdrawal of physiological needs. Other causes include social isolation and being prevented from carrying out their usual behaviors. Much research has found that even with careful handling, animals showed obvious changes in their stress markers (physiological/hormonal). Recently, there have been growing concerns about the real relevance of these animal experiments with real results on human health. Animal data have been compared to human data in numerous papers, and these papers have shown that in areas of study, such as neuronal and vascular diseases, results obtained in animals have not been replicated in trials. clinical studies on humans. Keep in mind: This is just a sample. Get a personalized article from our expert writers now. Get a custom essay People opposed to animal testing are questioning the scientific community about the need to sacrifice millions of animals animals to obtain their results. They say.