Table of ContentsResearch MethodologyMagnetMagnetic Field and Field LinesMagnetic FieldMagnetic Lines of ForceMaglev TechnologyMaglev Train MechanicsThe Maglev TrackStability: GuidanceVacuum TubesThis article covers the design, hardware, technology, application and future uses of “magnetic levitation trains”. The maglev transportation system is more stable, faster, efficient and economical. Maglev systems are currently used for applications such as bearings, high-speed trains and manufacturing. Maglev is a propulsion method that uses magnetic levitation to propel vehicles with magnets rather than wheels, axles and bearings. With maglev, a vehicle is levitated a short distance from a guideway using magnets to create both lift and thrust. In future, these high-speed maglev trains would give huge competition to the aviation industry. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why violent video games should not be banned”? Get the original essay Research Methodology I have chosen a very trending topic which is “Magnetic Levitation Trains”. My report is based on the information basic data from the Internet. in addition, research in the newspaper as well as on Internet sites made my work easier. All the information was easily available which strengthened my interest to complete the project with utmost sincerity and honesty. My work is therefore a combination of primary and secondary data. Maglev trains are the new technology which is a breakthrough for the world. Maglev or magnetic levitation is exactly what it means, the levitation of objects or vehicles. Unlike conventional vehicles equipped with tires for cars or rails for trains, the entire system is modified. In the maglev system, there is no contact between the roads and the tires, the object remains levitated, so traction and friction do not come into play. Friction and traction play a major role in determining vehicle speed, without the speed increasing significantly. Maglev trains are not affected by weather conditions, unlike conventional trains. In countries like India, where most of the citizens travel by train and having a huge land area, this idea of ​​maglev needs to be introduced so that the travel time can be incredibly reduced. Magnet A magnet is an object that has a magnetic field. It attracts ferrous objects like pieces of iron, steel, nickel and cobalt. Today's magnets are artificially made and come in different shapes and sizes depending on their use. One of the most common magnets, the bar magnet, is a long rectangular bar of uniform cross-section that attracts pieces of ferrous objects. The magnetic compass needle is also commonly used. The compass needle is a small magnet that can move freely horizontally on a pivot. One end of the compass needle points in the north direction and the other end in the south direction. The end of a freely rotating magnet will always be oriented in the North-South direction. The end that points north is called the north pole of the magnet and the end that points south is called the south pole of the magnet. It has been proven by experiments that magnetic poles repel each other while different poles attract each other. Magnetic field and field lines Magnetic field The space surrounding a magnet, in which the magnetic force is exerted, is called a magnetic field. If a magnetic bar is placedin such a field it will experience magnetic forces. Magnetic Lines of Force When a small north magnetic pole is placed in the magnetic field created by a magnet, it will experience a force. Magnetic lines of force are the lines drawn in a magnetic field along which a north magnetic pole would move. The direction of a line of magnetic force at any point gives the direction of the magnetic force on a north pole placed at that point. Since the direction of the magnetic line of force is the direction of the force on the North pole, therefore magnetic lines of force always start at the N pole of a magnet and end at the S pole of the magnet. A small magnetic compass, when moved along a line of force, always places itself along the line tangent to it. Thus, a line drawn from the South Pole of the compass to the North Pole indicates the direction of the magnetic field. Maglev TechnologyThis technology uses monorail tracks with linear motors, these trains move on special tracks rather than conventional railway tracks. They use very powerful electromagnets to achieve higher speeds, they float about 1-10cm above the guideway on a magnetic field. These trains are propelled by the guide tracks. Once the train is pulled into the next section, the magnetism changes so the train is pulled again. The electromagnets run the entire length of the guideway. The mechanics of the magnetic levitation train Magnetic levitation trains operate through the use of electromagnets, which are magnets created by electric current. An electromagnet is defined as "a coil of insulated wire wound around a cylinder of iron or steel" and operates when current passes through the coil, a magnetic field is produced. These electromagnets are used to lift the train above its track and propel it forward. There are three main types of Maglev trains: Electromagnetic suspension This is the magnetic levitation of an object achieved by constantly changing the strength of a magnetic field produced by electromagnets. using a feedback loop. In most cases the levitation effect is mainly due to permanent magnets, as they have no power dissipation, with electromagnets only being used to stabilize the effect. In this type of domains, a condition of unstable equilibrium exists. Although static fields cannot provide stability, EMS works by continually changing the current sent to the electromagnets to change the strength of the magnetic field and enable stable levitation. In EMS, a feedback loop that continuously adjusts one or more electromagnets to correct the object's motion is used to cancel instability. In this system, electromagnets are attached to the train and also to the guideway. They have ferromagnetic stators on the track and help levitate the train. They have guide magnets on the sides of the track, they are laid completely along the track. A computer is used to control the levitation height of the train they are levitating us on (1 – 15 cm). The maximum speed these trains could reach is around 438 km/h. They have an on-board battery power supply which provides excess energy needed to operate a cabin. Electrodynamic suspension Superconducting magnets are placed under the train. Thanks to this system, the train could levitate approximately 10 cm from the guideway. The magnetic field that allows the train to levitate is due to the use of superconducting magnets. The force in the track is created by a magnetic field induced in the conductive wires or strips of the track.In electrodynamic suspension (EDS), the guideway and the train exert a magnetic field, and the train is levitated by the repulsive and attractive force. between these magnetic fields. EDS systems also have a major drawback. At low speeds, the current induced in these coils and the resulting magnetic flux are not large enough to support the weight of the train. For this reason, the gear must have wheels or some other form of landing gear to support the gear until it reaches a speed capable of supporting levitation. Since a train can stop at any location, due to equipment problems for example, the entire track must be capable of supporting both low-speed and high-speed operation. Another disadvantage is that the EDS system naturally creates a field in the track in front of and behind the lifting magnets, which acts against the magnets and creates a form of drag. Inductrack SystemThis is a suspension failure system, no power is required to activate the magnets. The magnetic field is located under the car, it can generate enough force at low speeds (around 5km/h) to levitate a maglev train. In the event of a power outage, the wagons slow down safely on their own, permanent magnets are arranged in a network to facilitate the propulsion of the trains. They require either wheels or track segments that move when the vehicle is stopped. Neither Inducttrack nor Superconducting EDS are capable of levitating stationary vehicles, although Inducttrack allows levitation up to a much lower speed, wheels are required for these systems. EMS systems are wheelless. The maglev track The magnetized coil that runs along the track, called a guideway, repels large magnets on the train's undercarriage, allowing the train to levitate between 0.39 and 3.93 inches (1 to 10 cm) above the guideway. Once the train is levitated, energy is supplied to coils located inside the guideway walls to create a unique system of magnetic fields that pull and push the train along the guideway. Electric current supplied to the coils in the rail walls constantly alternates to change the polarity of the magnetized coils. This change in polarity causes the magnetic field in front of the train to pull the vehicle forward, while the magnetic field behind the train adds forward thrust. Maglev trains float on a cushion of air, eliminating friction. This lack of friction and the trains' aerodynamic design allow these trains to reach unprecedented ground transportation speeds of more than 300 mph, twice as fast as Amtrak's fastest commuter train. In comparison, a Boeing-777 commercial aircraft used for long-distance flights can reach a top speed of around 905 km/h. Developers say maglev trains will eventually connect cities 1,609 km apart. At 500 km, you could travel from Paris to Rome in just over two hours. Development of maglev trains: Different factors are used in the development of maglev trains, these contribute to movement, stability, guidance, etc. . of a train.Propulsion:Some EMS systems can provide both levitation and propulsion using an onboard linear motor. But some EDS systems appear to be able to levitate the train using the magnets on board, but cannot propel it forward. As such, vehicles require other technology for their propulsion. A linear motor (propulsion coils) mounted in the rail is one solution. Stability: any combination of static magnets..