All our organs, including the heart, are made up of cells. However, there is not just one type of cell, but several different ones. For example, our heart is made up of cardiac cells, our brain is made up of brain cells, our bones is made up of skeletal cells, et cetera. The cells in our body divide regularly, essentially replenishing our old cells with newer cells. However, our heart cells do not divide regularly, hence once heart cells are damaged, they remain damaged. The damage mainly occurs after a myocardial infarction. A damaged heart leads to heart failure, increasing the risk of premature death. That's where stem cells come in. Stem cells have the "potential to develop into many different cell types...and to [divide] essentially without limit to replenish other cells as long as the person or the animal is still alive” [4]. “When a stem cell divides, each new cell has the potential to either remain a stem cell or become another type of cell with a more specialized function, such as a [heart cell]” [4]. Stem cells are initially generalized, meaning they do not have specific functions such as a heart muscle cell designed to pump blood throughout the body [4]. “Stem cells can give rise to specialized cells in a process called differentiation” [4]. During differentiation, “the cell goes through several stages [and receives numerous signals], specializing at each stage” [4]. It is understood that “internal signals