The Second Sudanese War is one of the largest religious wars in the world caused by the conflict between Islam and Christianity. This war lasted more than 22 years, from 1983 to 2005, mainly between the Sudanese government and the Sudan People's Liberation Army. Despite its origins in South Sudan, the war has spread to the Blue Nile and Nuba Mountains regions, displacing 4 million people in Sudan. Their deprivation is further exacerbated by the serious human rights violations perpetrated by the regime. The Sudanese government has been accused of inflicting “appalling suffering” on several million Sudanese citizens. It is estimated that by the end of the war, Sudan had more than 6.1 million internally displaced people. As the largest and equally diverse country in Africa, Sudan's demographics include religious, ethnic and socio-economic divisions. After Sudan gained independence from British colonization, the nation remained vulnerable as the north and south failed to cooperate. The Second Sudanese War is also described as a conflict between regional powers and the central government. Competition between foreign interests and the two opposing sides for oil fields has sparked conflicts over natural resources between regions, further escalating the war. North Sudan's desire to take control of natural resources is driven by the fact that its arid geography prevents it from cultivating agriculture. Furthermore, when Omar Al-Bashir's coup overthrew the Sudanese government and revoked the peace agreement in 1989, the two regions failed to agree to a peace treaty due to the scale of the conflict. Frequent aerial bombardments and helicopter attacks by the Sudanese government are aggravating the high inflation situation in Sudan. Additionally, fighting in Darfur and the Protocol areas led to internal displacement as well as a massive influx of refugees into Ethiopia in 2011 and 2012. The Doha Peace Document marked many voluntary returns of people displaced people and refugees. However, recent violence in Darfur in July and August 2012 has caused more internal displacement. Displaced people in eastern Sudan face obstacles such as poverty, lack of access to health care, employment and education. Although many displaced people return to their places of origin, many areas lack basic services and infrastructure and the population remains undernourished. Many refugees are unable to integrate locally and ongoing drought has reduced the quality of life in neighboring countries. Hundreds of thousands of Sudanese are unable to prove their identity and risk becoming stateless.