Nursing involves a process of dynamic interactions of diverse ways of knowing to provide excellent care. Carper recognized four fundamental models of nursing knowledge: the empirical, ethical, personal, and aesthetic models. The empirical aspect of knowledge concerns the science of nursing. The aesthetic aspect of knowledge further shows the art of nursing. Personal knowledge relates to the nurse's self-confidence in their knowledge. Ethics refers to moral obligations and values ​​related to the application of knowledge. Practicing nurses can improve patient care when all forms of knowledge are integrated. So how can a nurse apply each aspect of knowledge into effective practice? The science of nursing or the empirical model of knowledge only partially reflects nursing knowledge. It’s the concrete, factual, digital side of healthcare. Empirical knowledge is based on the assumption that what is known is accessible through the physical senses: sight, touch and hearing. This is where evidence-based practice (EBP) comes in. Evidence-based practice focuses on methods of critically evaluating and applying available data and research, to understand and improve clinical decision-making. By using the updated research and techniques provided by EBP, a nurse can provide better health care. Empirical knowledge also forms the basis of health care policies and procedures. These policies and procedures are intended to provide the nurse and patient with an approved and consistent system from which to follow, based on accepted evidence-based research. Nurses face a challenge when attempting to translate the best evidence into specific clinical practice. Bridging the gap between research and clinical practice can be accomplished by applying the second...... middle of paper ...... passion and acceptance of others, knowing your preferences, ideals and biases . Being self-aware can help update the different beliefs of others. Nursing has become a discipline concerned with understanding the relationships between theory, practice, research and experience. The interrelationship between each aspect of knowledge has enhanced the nurse's ability to provide appropriate care. The four knowledge models, when used together, are beneficial to nursing leadership theory, particularly because they were developed by nurses for nurses. These four models show the complexity of nursing knowledge. The models are not mutually exclusive; there are overlaps, interrelations and interdependencies. Such unity may be seen as necessary to achieve mastery of what we do, whereas no single model should be considered sufficient..