Table of ContentsMethodsResultsDiscussionThe article "Sports participation, screen time and the development of personality traits during childhood" studies the correlation between the following variables: sport participation ; age; screen time; environmental variables such as socioeconomic status (SES) and household income; and personality traits such as introversion, persistence, and responsiveness. conducted in Australia, parents of children tested were asked about their children's participation in physical activities (e.g. sports) and sedentary activities (e.g. watching television). custom essay on “Why Violent Video Games Should Not Be Banned” Get Original Essay Parents were also asked about the topics. personality traits. All parents of subjects who were able to repeat the study were asked the same questions every two years. The researchers then analyzed the relationship between the type of activity the children participated in and those children's personality traits. IntroductionThe purpose of this study was to determine “whether people with particular personality traits gravitate toward a more active lifestyle or whether an active lifestyle contributes to the development of personality traits” (Allen, Laborde, & Vella, 2015, p.376). According to this study, the relationship between the two was rather uncertain thanks to previous research, despite the many benefits of physical activity such as an increase in metabolic rate and an increase in mental cognition (Allen et al., 2015, p.376). period of learning about oneself and others, and the experiences children have are essential to the personality traits they will develop. These youth sports offer children the opportunity to learn "new concepts such as discipline, cooperation, fair play and sportsmanship." Through youth sports, children also learn new skills, gain confidence and form lasting social relationships” (Allen et al., 2015, p. 377). These invaluable lessons learned from sports can make children more socially competent, wiser and more outgoing children, capable of forming intimate relationships in their future. On the other hand, there is growing concern about the increase in screen time and other sedentary activities our young people engage in. The growth of technology and the impact of social media have had a direct impact on this increase. This increase in screen time has been proven to have a negative effect on cognition: the more time children spend doing sedentary activities, the less time they spend participating in physical activities, thereby depriving themselves of lessons. learned from sport among young people. Additionally, more sedentary children are more likely to be overweight or obese, which can lead to lower self-esteem and increased introversion. Unfortunately, participation in youth sports may not be entirely beneficial for all children. As a result, some children's self-esteem may be unjustifiably boosted, or undue pressure from parents and coaches on their performance may lead to stress. This longitudinal study highlights the importance of "identifying factors that may accelerate desirable changes and limit undesirable changes" and hypothesizes that "high levels of extracurricular sports and low levels of screen time would be linked to a morehigh intra-individual stability for all traits” (Allen et al., 2015, p. 377). Methods In 2004, this Australian longitudinal study began with two groups: “families with children aged 4 to 5 years (the cohort K) and families with children aged 0 to 1 year”. older infants (cohort B)” (Allen et al., 2015, p. 378). The same 12 questions were asked to the primary parent of these children about the children's environment and personality (Allen et al., 2015, p. 378). The data used for this study was collected when the children in Cohort K were ten years old and the children in Cohort B were six years old, and again when the children in Cohort K were twelve years old and the children in Cohort B were were eight years old (Allen et al., 2015, p.378). To avoid statistical bias or error, only data from participants who returned for period 2 were used in the results (Allen et al., 2015, p. 378). It is significant that the data used come from children in middle to late childhood, as this is a time of increased motor development and involvement in play with peers. Additionally, because the same questions were asked of younger children, the data can be used to observe changes in personality development, and the results can truly discern whether certain personality traits lead to increased participation. to a physical activity or a vice. versa.ResultsAllen et al. (2015) were very thorough in their statistical analysis of their results. More than three thousand test subjects were used in each cohort, all randomly selected and from different environments. This allows the results to be unbiased and representative of the entire youth population. Each data point calculating personality change contained a t-value, a p-value, and a d-value. The t value is the relationship between several averages. The p-value measures the statistical significance of the data, and a p-value less than 0.05 means that there is a five percent chance that a piece of data is not significant. All data values ​​collected in this study are statistically significant. The d value, also known as Cohen's d, measures the magnitude of the effect of one variable on another, and a d value of one means that the variables differ by one standard deviation. In the K cohort, there were increases in introversion, perseverance, responsiveness, household income, sedentary activities, and total screen time (Allen et al., 2015, p. 381). In Cohort B, there was an increase in household income, sedentary activities, total screen time, and responsiveness, while there was a decrease in introversion and perseverance ( Allen et al., 2015, p. 381). Data from the graphs also suggest that for both cohorts, children who participated in sports had "lower levels of introversion than those who did not participate" as well as higher levels of perseverance and responsiveness (Allen and al., 2015, p. 382-383). Interestingly, increased screen time did not affect introversion; however, an increase in screen time was correlated with a decrease in persistence (Allen et al., 2015, p. 384). A possible explanation for this phenomenon is that if a child participates in more sedentary activities, then they will spend less time in physical activity and will be more likely to drop out of sports after starting. Discussion Unlike previous studies, the results of this study indicate that sports participation and screen time were. 386)..