Constituent Policies – involves the structure that makes up the government. Constituent policies concern the establishment of government structure, the establishment of rules or procedures for the conduct of government, the rules that distribute or divide power and jurisdiction within current and future government policies that may be developed. A structural example of constituent politics is the creation of the Department of Homeland Security. In 2002, President George Bush did not see the need for a department to handle terrorism, but he changed his mind and called on Congress to create a Department of Homeland Security. A procedural example of constituent policy is the Federal Administrative Procedure Act of 1946, which outlines procedures to be used by agencies to ensure openness and fairness in agency decision-making. Constituent policies also include issues that involve personnel practices and budgetary actions. b) Distributive policies – the allocation of benefits or services, free of charge, to particular segments of the population – individuals, groups, businesses or communities. These benefits or services include grants, subsidies, loans, technical assistance, information (such as weather), contracts, unemployment benefits, and river and port improvement actions. The cost of these benefits and services is paid by the public treasury, that is, the taxpayer in general. c) Substantive policies: the part of the law that creates, defines and regulates rights, which the government will do. For example, preventing the retail sale of alcohol, the construction of highways, the law of contracts, torts, wills and real estate; the essential substance of rights under the law.d) Procedural policies – how something is going to be done...... middle of document ......e researcher.3. Understand how citizens can influence the political agenda through mass mobilization or grassroots organizing or through interest groups, voting, running for political office, etc. Grassroots mobilization: groups of like-minded individuals who provide a solution to a public problem. . These groups may not form broader coalitions and tend to disagree on ways to solve the problem. These individuals and groups use many tactics to advance their interests. Tactics may include lobbying, publicly defending their positions, attempting to educate supporters and opponents, and mobilizing allies on a particular issue. Perfect policies rarely emerge from the political process. More often than not, policy outcomes involve compromises between interested parties. Such as Mothers Against Drunk Drivers (MADD), Megan Law (Sex Offender).