Since the father of lies deceived Eve in the Garden of Eden, man has lied and other men have tried different ways to detect the truth. Some of these truth-detection methods were crude, but they pioneered today's polygraph test. A heated dagger placed on the tongue determined the amount of saliva in the speaker's mouth. It is assumed that the more saliva, the more likely the speaker is to communicate the truth. Ancient Hindus required those accused of lying to chew rice and spit it onto a consecrated leaf for observation. If the rice was dry, without saliva, the person was thought to be lying (Slate & Anderson, 1996). Around 1500 BC, Indian priests dipped a donkey's tail with the carbon remains of an oil lamp and placed the animal in a dark tent. Those suspected of lying were sent to the tent and told that pulling the tail of the "magic" donkey would expose the liar (if a guilty man pulled the tail, the donkey would bray). When the suspects came out of the tent, the priests inspected their hands. Those with impeccable hands had not touched the donkey's tail. This was assumed to be due to many suspects' fear that their guilt would be discovered, proving them to be liars. In ancient Sparta, before being admitted to special schools, young Spartan men had to meet selection criteria. They were ordered to stand on the edge of a cliff and asked if they were afraid. The answer was always a clear no. However, his honesty depended on the young men's complexion. It was determined that the pale young men had lied and they were pushed off the cliff. In ancient Rome, the control of bodyguards was carried out using a comparable method. The bodyguard candidates were asked fascinating questions. Those who... middle of paper ... force agencies. The polygraph is also used by state and local law enforcement, U.S. and district attorneys' offices, public defenders, attorneys, parole and probation departments, public and private businesses (ARGO-A , p.4). Works CitedARGO-A (2010) found that “in 1973, Lafayette Instrument Company transformed the lie detection market by creating the world's first polygraph machine (PGS) that met the wishes of all polygraph examiners. Argo-A (2010) also found that “in 2007, the Lafayette Instrument Company invented the world's first wireless computerized polygraph called the LX5000-SW” (p. 4). Argo-A also found that “in 2008, Lafayette developed the state-of-the-art Portable Lie Detector (PCASS) for the Pentagon. Their currently manufactured LX4000-SW computerized polygraph is the most reliable and popular lie detector on the planet” (p.. 4).