He explains how, compared to other immigrant groups (like in the story of Shih who describes his immigrant group as a "model minority") ), some immigrant groups are not equally valued and treated. in the United States. Similar to the criminal justice system which indirectly targets a particular group of individuals, immigration laws and policies in the United States treat certain racial groups differently, targeting those who do not have "value" to society through the Federal and state laws, some immigrants who cross the border are criminalized and subject to discrimination and exploitation. Similar to the issue presented in "The New Jim Crow," the criminalization of certain racial groups (in this case Latino immigrants) who cross the border without documentation proves that there continues to exist an ethical hierarchy according to which particular groups (because of their race) are excluded from equal opportunities, forced to live in ghettos and barrios where they often face inhumane treatment as well as the constant fear of being expelled by the law.