This leads to formulating certain survival procedures, researching new technologies, and preparing for earthquake and volcanic eruptions. To overcome the effects of earthquakes, scientists and engineers have designed seismic infrastructure. This was created because common infrastructure fails during earthquakes because they are heavy and cannot withstand seismic waves. The leading cause of death in earthquakes is falling buildings. However, in earthquake resistant construction, the main concept is to make the building as rigid, strong and made from the lightest material possible so that in the event of a fall, individuals have a chance of surviving. At the bottom of a seismic building there would be some sort of shock absorber, so that it can absorb the seismic waves reducing the impact. Next, the building will incorporate a core and sheer walls, to reduce the swaying movements of an earthquake. Along with this, the walls will have two steam beams for added safety. In developing countries, a similar type of plan is used, but the building is made of cheaper, everyday objects. Another defense system that humans use to adapt to earthquakes and volcanoes is monitoring and warning systems. Monitoring and warning systems are generally controlled by local or national governments. In the event of an earthquake, sensors (which are distributed throughout the earthquake-prone region) send information to the alert center when a seismic wave is detected, where the information is studied. Then, information from the alert center is immediately transmitted to individuals in the region warning them of the expected intensity and arrival time of the earthquake by SMS or call. After this, individuals are advised to turn off all electrical appliances and monitor their local earthquake.