IntroductionWireless networks have gained immense popularity since their emergence in the 1970s and even more so over the last decade. Mobile wireless networks currently have two implementation architectures: infrastructure networks, infrastructure-free networks[1]. In the network architecture of infrastructure networks, there are fixed wired gateways, called base stations, installed in the desired coverage area. A device within the network connects to the nearest accessible gateway (the one with the strongest signal). When the mobile device moves to a position out of range of the currently associated base station, it switches its connectivity to another base station within range. This process is called handover, which enables seamless connectivity to mobile users across the entire network [1]. The other variation of mobile wireless networks is infrastructure-less networks, generally referred to as mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). Networking systems without a fixed backbone are called Mobile Ad Hoc systems. These Ad Hoc systems are a set of mobile nodes dynamically placed such that the connectivity between the nodes keeps fluctuating. Since there are no fixed routers, the nodes in the ad hoc network function as routers that determine and manage connectivity with other nodes in the network [1]. To establish connectivity within the network, a dynamic and efficient routing protocol is required to generate routing tables that locate changing routes between mobile nodes and establish efficient routing between them. When designing mobile ad hoc routing protocols, its limitations must be considered such that because the protocol must maintain loop-free paths through multiple disjoint routes and have control...... middle of the article......He, "Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) Protocol", Networking Laboratory, University of Helsinki Technology.Available: http://www.netlab.tkk.fi/opetus/s38030/k02/ Papers/03-Guoyou.pdf[3] TD Hollerung, “The Cluster-Based Routing Protocol,” Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks Based on Wireless LAN, University of Paderborn, 2003.[4] P. Misra, “Routing Protocols for Ad Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks,” Washington University in St. Louis, November 1999. Available: http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cis788-99/ftp/adhoc_routing / [5] DB Johnson, DA Maltz, “Dynamic Source Routing in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks”, Mobile Computing, 1996. Available: http://www.loria.fr/~ichris/Teaching/Articles/dsr.pdf[6 ] G. Jayakumar, G. Gopinath, “Mobile ad hoc wireless network routing protocols – A review,” Journal of Computer Science, Science Publications, vol. 3, no. 8, pages. 574-582, 2007.