Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder resulting from either insufficient insulin production or an inability of the body's cells to respond to the insulin present. Absence or reduction of insulin leads to abnormally high blood sugar levels and glucose intolerance (Burke, 206). It is probably the oldest disease known to man and has also been called black death since the 14th century (Sharma 2018). Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why violent video games should not be banned”? Get an original essay The disease leading to other problems like heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, eye problems, nerve damage , dental diseases and foot problems also have a lot of signs and symptoms that help in diagnosis. Excessive thirst, hunger and frequent urination being the biggest warning signs, are caused by too much sugar in the urine, while thirst is a sign of dehydration which is then a way for the body to to obtain fluids leading to frequent urination. extreme fatigue, acetone breath, nausea and vomiting, blurred vision and itching in the genital area are the other common symptoms of diabetes. Although diabetes is a chronic disease, it is easily managed by patients in many ways, either through medication, exercising, and keeping track of blood sugar levels close to normal by balancing food intake with medication. and exercises. Luan et al Huang explain that as the treatments are complex, patients have to make many self-management decisions every day, and therefore the management should be patient-centered, and the method of patient education should be based on models of care for chronic diseases. In fact, diabetes self-management education and ongoing self-management support can directly affect the effectiveness of diabetes treatment (Luan et al Huang, 2017). Effective self-management emphasizes that the patient proactively takes responsibility for self-management, caring about his or her health to maintain and improve quality of life, actively monitoring disease status, maintaining quality of life and actively cooperating to complete the treatment. Differentiated by the way insulin works in the person's body, type 1 diabetes is an insulin-dependent diabetes that usually begins in childhood and is primarily genetic, while type 2 is an autoimmune disease caused by the body attacking its own pancreas with antibodies. While type 2 diabetics can make their own insulin but cannot produce enough, type 1 diabetics cannot make their own insulin due to damage to the pancreas. People with type 1 diabetes may also experience irritability, mood changes, and unintentional weight loss. On the other hand, people with type 2 diabetes may experience numbness and tingling in their hands or feet. Although many symptoms of type 1 and type 2 diabetes are similar, they present very differently. Many people with type 2 diabetes will not have symptoms for many years, but symptoms of type 2 diabetes will often develop slowly over time. Some people with type 2 diabetes have no symptoms and only discover their condition when complications arise (Burke et al., 2016). Having risk factors related to