Overall costs for the item as a whole include: production, transportation, storage (warehouse costs, heating, cooling, personnel ), management and potential elimination. With all of these variables in mind, it is very difficult to break down costs at the unit level, but it is the only quantifiable method to demonstrate the financial superiority of the technology. When evaluating the viability and profitability of 3D printing-supported supply chains, many of these high total ownership costs can be reduced. 3D printing presents the potential for local manufacturing that will reduce delivery times and transportation costs. Efforts to promote subpart standardization can be avoided because objects can be digitally modified before printing, to meet individual product line and consumer specifications, at minimal cost to the producer. When unit cost is no longer a factor, we can move to an on-demand manufacturing system where production accurately reflects consumer demand. On-demand manufacturing also reduces the need for warehousing, as manufacturers will be able to move from storing finished products to raw materials and will benefit from significantly greater production flexibility, since one raw material provides access to many finished products . The increased capacity offered by 3D printing will significantly reduce the