Response to Recovering the Scandal of the Cross by Green and Baker “Recovering the Scandal of the Cross” (Green, Baker) presents an alternative way of thinking for Christians theologically. The author's task of interpreting culture and communicating within a culture is incredibly difficult. Much of God's biblical teaching is rooted in communicating with a specific group of people and a certain culture. Yet God chose the Bible as his method of communicating himself to the world. Green and Baker begin to lay the groundwork for the historical influence of the Atonement of Anselm and Irenaeus. They later introduced the ideas of Charles Hodge and penal substitution. There are four major models for explaining the atonement: Christus Victor, penal substitution, satisfaction, and moral influence. Although others are mentioned in the book, this sets the stage for the historical dilemma from which they can view the atonement in their discussion of the tradition. The most popular understanding of atonement today is the “penal substitution” theory. The concept and idea of ​​a wrathful God who can only appease his anger towards wicked sinners by bringing about the violent death of his Son on the cross – forms the basis of much evangelical thought, even though this was not a point of view defended by the first. church. Penal substitution first appeared with Anselm in the 11th century. It was largely shaped by John Calvin during the Reformation era, but was finally finalized by Charles Hodge who lived in the 19th century in the United States; he taught at Princeton Seminary for fifty years. Charles Hodge explains how penal substitution provides deliverance from the power of sin and Satan, something more directly associated with Christus Victor's model of atonement. (p. 144). Jesus suffered punishment because the law had been broken and someone had to pay for the crime. Historically, the word "satisfaction" does not mean grafication as in common usage, but rather "to make restitution": to repair what has been broken, to repay what has been taken and can be linked to the legal concept of compensation for a injustice according to Anselm. . From a legal perspective, the purpose of satisfaction is not to heal or restore us internally, but rather to satisfy society. Earlier approaches focus on the death and resurrection of Christ as his victory over all forces of evil and sin, including earthly and spiritual powers that oppress.