Table of ContentsSummaryParkinson's Disease, a Spiral DiseaseWhat the Health Care Team MeansThe ProblemWho It AffectsCurrent Tests and Treatments5-Step Disease Plan: Disease ManagementDuties of the healthcare teamPatient's dutiesMy first Parkinson's patientThe solutionSummaryParkinson's disease is a life-threatening disease in which dopamine and acetylcholine are imbalanced in the body. This condition has many exacerbated sequelae, including but not limited to acute akinetic crisis. It is estimated that around seven to ten million people currently have the disease and around 60,000 are newly diagnosed each year. With the increase of this disease, many new studies have started to be conducted to identify the probability and risk factors associated with the disease. Two of the biggest contributors are biological sex and age. Studies have found that the average population for a Parkinson's disease patient is 65 to 85 years old. This category, or what we might consider “the ideal patient,” represents a large portion of our population, and with the aging of the baby boomers, it will likely see a large increase in the near future. Current patients do not have timely access to their healthcare professionals, leading to tragedies and tragic events for some people with Parkinson's disease. The key to improving, understanding and treating people with this disease is more direct and followed by patient-centered care. This treatment is ideal and can be broken down into 5 steps to manage the disease. This process, if initiated, monitored and initiated, can continue to ensure good management of the disease. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why violent video games should not be banned"?Get the original essayParkinson's disease, a spiraling diseaseParkinson's disease is a disease whose cause may contribute to the degeneration of neurotransmitters in the brain. The most commonly affected neurotransmitter is dopamine. As dopamine degenerates, the disease begins to worsen and progress, leading to worsening signs and symptoms. These worsening symptoms and manifestations occur as the disease causes more and more damage to the brain, impairing motor and cognitive functions. According to the Journal of Neuroscience and Neuropharmacological Medicine, dopamine has several functions in the body, including: improving the force of contraction of the heart, improving blood flow to vital organs (i.e. kidneys, liver, the brain) and act as a neurochemical transmitter of desire and reward. When dopamine levels decrease, it causes abnormal brain activity and, conversely, stimulates an increase in the release of acetylcholine, another neurochemical transmitter affected by the disease. The production and maintenance of acetylcholine is very important in this disease because it plays a role in the functioning of the body; contractions of smooth muscles, dilation of blood vessels (which control blood pressure in veins and arteries), increased body secretions (saliva, hydrochloric acid found in the stomach, and fluid that lubricates joints and the walls of other organs ) and slowing of the heart. The pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease, characterized by decreased dopamine and an imbalance of acetylcholine, results in drastic manifestations of signs and symptoms, including "tremor,muscle stiffness, poor balance/coordination, speech difficulties, fatigue, increased secretions…” (Non-motor signs and symptoms). in Parkinson's disease). With Parkinson's disease, over time, these manifestations that begin with a slight tremor of the hands or a feeling of tiredness and tiredness progress and can become so advanced that they affect the daily functioning of individuals. This alteration and progress changes the lives of everyone involved in the disease. Examples of this symptom concession are: stiffening of muscles which can lead to loss of range of motion of the trunk and extremities hinders the ability to move and function without assistive devices, communication pathways in the brain are impaired and the way in which our facial muscles move to communicate is remodeled, hindering social connections and limiting an individual's ability to express needs or desires to maintain essential elements of life. What Health Care Team MeansCare health care is a team effort. What constitutes a health care team are all the people involved in care, management, and general aspects of care. This may include a doctor, nurse, speech therapist, certified nursing assistant, home health worker, or a family member with authority to do so, etc. Each member of the team is essential to the patient's treatment and success. If there is a weakness in one aspect of the team, it affects the team and the patient. It is essential that as we currently care or will care for patients in the future, we understand our role and that of each member of the care team. Understanding and participating in this will advance the care of our patients and ultimately contribute to achieving outcomes. The Problem Many Parkinson's patients have difficulty obtaining timely access to neurologists who specialize in their medication regimen and desired drug and treatment goals. Consequences generated by lack of access to health care teams include: therapeutic goals are not met, increased symptoms of functional brain network degradation similar to that observed in HIV/AIDS, and a known potentially fatal sequelae. under the name of acute akinesia crisis. A risk factor that significantly increases the likelihood of acute akinetic crisis is when neurochemical transmitter dysfunctions are not adequately managed by pharmaceuticals and/or alternative treatment options. According to the article Acute akinesia or akinetic crisis in Parkinson's disease, acute crisis is characterized by a worsening of motor and non-motor symptoms and a lack of response to medications and treatments. This means that an acute akinetic crisis is a highly amplified and incurable motor and cognitive defect, which will progress and worsen. Another article Acute akinesia, an unusual complication in Parkinson's disease: a case report that describes these features as "the sudden onset of a severe, sustained hypertonic akinetic state with frequent cognitive and/or psychotic disturbances, dysphagia , dysphonia and an increase in body temperature and serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) values… and, in the most severe forms, leads to death.” These articles estimate the annual incidence of acute akinetic crisis to be approximately 0.3% and a mortality rate of 15%. When we evaluate these figures, we find that 0.3% of the reported 10 million corresponds to three million, and 15% to three millioncorrespond to 450,000 deaths per year linked to Parkinson's disease and its aggravated condition, acute akinetic crisis. Because Parkinson's disease has a global presence and is centralized in the United States, it is imperative that patients have access to health care that benefits their health, clarifying their disease process. According to an article published by Parkinson's News Today, Parkinson's disease is the second most common disease. common age-related neurodegenerative disease, affecting approximately 3% of the population before the age of 65 and up to 5% of the population over the age of 85. It is estimated that around seven to 10 million people worldwide suffer from this disease. disease. The article goes on to reveal statistics regarding the number of diagnoses per year, which is approximately 60,000. The Parkinson's Foundation has an estimated prevalence projection of individuals, broken down by state, who are affected by the disease, see . Parkinson's disease does not discriminate, the disease process does not care what gender you claim, what religion you belong to, or whether you are a good or bad person. This affects many of our loved ones, people we know and their loved ones. Risk factors for contracting the disease can be a combination and contributed to aging, genetics, environmental and immune status, and biological sex. Aging is one of the main contributing factors. The article Aging and Parkinson's disease: Why is advanced age the main risk factor? explains how age-related decline leads to neuronal loss in this disease. It summarizes that as we age, our brains continue to build new pathways and our cells work hard for biological reasons and for our daily situations and tasks. This causes neurodegeneration of our vital cells due to aging and overwork. Just like our body, the use and abuse we give it has serious and permanent consequences. Another risk factor listed is biological sex. Biological sex plays an important role in the development of Parkinson's disease and has been widely discussed in recent decades. There are obvious sex differences in the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the disease and, according to Parkinson's disease in women and men: what's the Difference? Parkinson's disease "affects men twice as often as women", but "women have a higher mortality rate and faster progression of the disease". With these two reports, we understand that the ideal patient or individual who will be affected and affected by Parkinson's disease and its acute attack is likely someone who is usually male and over the age of 65. This category or what can be considered the “ideal” “Patient Range” represents a large portion of our population. Something we all, regardless of profession, need to consider who our loved ones are and whether they fit or will fit that ideal range in the near future. According to the Pew Research Center, baby boomers, all of whom are individuals between the ages of 55 and 75, have historically had an outsized presence relative to the population size of other generations, reporting an estimated 74.1 million baby boomers. boomers in 2016. This large generation is aging and it is likely to see Parkinson's disease as well as many other pathologies experience a sharp increase in the near future. For some of us, that individual might be a grandparent, uncle, father, and people in and around our lives who have influence. Current tests and treatmentsSome might wonder, with such a deadly disease, how we can stay ahead of our lives. care and treatment. Well, the answer is that it all starts with a diagnosis. Currently, there is no specific test to diagnose Parkinson's disease; however, providers are trained in nervous system conditions (neurologists) and will diagnose Parkinson's disease based on medical history, review of signs and symptoms, and neurological and physical examination. Additional results can be obtained through a specific single-photon emission SPECT computerized tomography scan called dopamine transporter analysis (DAT). According to the article The impact of DaTscan on the diagnosis and management of movement disorders: A retrospective study “The imaging technique, DaTscan, can be used to visualize dopaminergic degeneration in the Nigro-striatum… ". Parkinson's disease cannot be cured, but medications can help control your symptoms, often dramatically. The Mayo Clinic has a list of common medications your doctor may prescribe, including: I “Carbidopa-levodopa – the most effective medication for Parkinson's disease is a natural chemical that passes into your brain and is converted to dopamine. 1Levodopa is combined with carbidopa (Lodosyn), which protects levodopa from early conversion to dopamine outside of your brain. This prevents or lessens side effects such as nausea. IDuopa is for patients with more advanced Parkinson's disease who still respond to carbidopa-levodopa, but whose response shows many fluctuations. Because Duopa is continually infused, the blood levels of both drugs remain constant. Dopamine agonists – which mimic the effects of dopamine in your brain. MAO B inhibitors - these medications help prevent the breakdown of brain dopamine by inhibiting the brain enzyme monoamine oxidase B. (MAO B). This enzyme metabolizes brain dopamine. Anticholinergics. These medications have been used for many years to help control tremors associated with Parkinson's disease. Amantadine. Doctors may prescribe amantadine alone for short-term relief of symptoms of mild, early-stage Parkinson's disease. It may also be given with carbidopa-levodopa therapy during the later stages of Parkinson's disease to control involuntary movements (dyskinesia) induced by carbidopa-levodopa. care and communication between a patient and members of the healthcare team. The article Patient and Physician Perceptions of Disease Management in Parkinson's Disease: Results of a US-Based Multicenter Survey composes a vital five-step plan that should be shared among patients, those involved in patient care, and specifically physicians and healthcare providers. It is as follows; patient identification, diagnosis, treatment selection, disease/drug information and patient monitoring. When inconsistencies and disruptions occur in this five-step process, it is usually in the last step, patient monitoring. Many patients do not receive consistent and timely follow-up with their healthcare providers due to provider limitations, schedules, location, and demand, leading to many Parkinson's symptoms manifesting as a worsening and modification of the patient's condition and long-term hindrance to their activities. of daily life. Clinical care for patients.