There are two types of construct validity: convergent validity, which explains whether or not theoretical relationships can be determined, and discriminant validity , which explains to what extent subjects , can differentiate between variables or subjects. According to Meyer (1996), “the convergent validity coefficient between the FES cohesion scale and the FACES II cohesion scale was significant at 0.74” (Summary section). Numerous studies have focused on the construct and discriminant validity of this scale. According to FES (nd), the manual describes in detail FES concepts that have been shown to correlate with other concepts and measures to which it should or should not relate. The FES demonstrates satisfactory evidence of acceptable validity. Item validity means that the scale items must be meaningful and the concept must be logical and completely meaningful. The FES has strong content validity because it measures cohesion, expressiveness, conflict, independence, achievement orientation, and intellectual and cultural (FES, 1996). Measuring these items can determine the family functioning of offenders or non-offenders and, therefore, determine the level of family support they receive.